Introduction
Laravel includes a variety of global "helper" PHP functions. Many of these functions are used by the framework itself; however, you are free to use them in your own applications if you find them convenient.
Available Methods
Arrays & Objects
Paths
URLs
Miscellaneous
Arrays & Objects
Arr::accessible()
The Arr::accessible
method determines if the given value
is array accessible:
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
use Illuminate\Support\Collection;
$isAccessible = Arr::accessible(['a' => 1, 'b' => 2]);
// true
$isAccessible = Arr::accessible(new Collection);
// true
$isAccessible = Arr::accessible('abc');
// false
$isAccessible = Arr::accessible(new stdClass);
// false
Arr::add()
The Arr::add
method adds a given key / value pair to an
array if the given key doesn't already exist in the array or is set to
null
:
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$array = Arr::add(['name' => 'Desk'], 'price', 100);
// ['name' => 'Desk', 'price' => 100]
$array = Arr::add(['name' => 'Desk', 'price' => null], 'price', 100);
// ['name' => 'Desk', 'price' => 100]
Arr::collapse()
The Arr::collapse
method collapses an array of arrays
into a single array:
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$array = Arr::collapse([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9]]);
// [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
Arr::crossJoin()
The Arr::crossJoin
method cross joins the given arrays,
returning a Cartesian product with all possible permutations:
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$matrix = Arr::crossJoin([1, 2], ['a', 'b']);
/*
[
[1, 'a'],
[1, 'b'],
[2, 'a'],
[2, 'b'],
]
*/
$matrix = Arr::crossJoin([1, 2], ['a', 'b'], ['I', 'II']);
/*
[
[1, 'a', 'I'],
[1, 'a', 'II'],
[1, 'b', 'I'],
[1, 'b', 'II'],
[2, 'a', 'I'],
[2, 'a', 'II'],
[2, 'b', 'I'],
[2, 'b', 'II'],
]
*/
Arr::divide()
The Arr::divide
method returns two arrays: one
containing the keys and the other containing the values of the given
array:
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
[$keys, $values] = Arr::divide(['name' => 'Desk']);
// $keys: ['name']
// $values: ['Desk']
Arr::dot()
The Arr::dot
method flattens a multi-dimensional array
into a single level array that uses "dot" notation to indicate
depth:
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$array = ['products' => ['desk' => ['price' => 100]]];
$flattened = Arr::dot($array);
// ['products.desk.price' => 100]
Arr::except()
The Arr::except
method removes the given key / value
pairs from an array:
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$array = ['name' => 'Desk', 'price' => 100];
$filtered = Arr::except($array, ['price']);
// ['name' => 'Desk']
Arr::exists()
The Arr::exists
method checks that the given key exists
in the provided array:
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$array = ['name' => 'John Doe', 'age' => 17];
$exists = Arr::exists($array, 'name');
// true
$exists = Arr::exists($array, 'salary');
// false
Arr::first()
The Arr::first
method returns the first element of an
array passing a given truth test:
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$array = [100, 200, 300];
$first = Arr::first($array, function (int $value, int $key) {
return $value >= 150;
});
// 200
A default value may also be passed as the third parameter to the method. This value will be returned if no value passes the truth test:
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$first = Arr::first($array, $callback, $default);
Arr::flatten()
The Arr::flatten
method flattens a multi-dimensional
array into a single level array:
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$array = ['name' => 'Joe', 'languages' => ['PHP', 'Ruby']];
$flattened = Arr::flatten($array);
// ['Joe', 'PHP', 'Ruby']
Arr::forget()
The Arr::forget
method removes a given key / value pair
from a deeply nested array using "dot" notation:
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$array = ['products' => ['desk' => ['price' => 100]]];
Arr::forget($array, 'products.desk');
// ['products' => []]
Arr::get()
The Arr::get
method retrieves a value from a deeply
nested array using "dot" notation:
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$array = ['products' => ['desk' => ['price' => 100]]];
$price = Arr::get($array, 'products.desk.price');
// 100
The Arr::get
method also accepts a default value, which
will be returned if the specified key is not present in the array:
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$discount = Arr::get($array, 'products.desk.discount', 0);
// 0
Arr::has()
The Arr::has
method checks whether a given item or items
exists in an array using "dot" notation:
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$array = ['product' => ['name' => 'Desk', 'price' => 100]];
$contains = Arr::has($array, 'product.name');
// true
$contains = Arr::has($array, ['product.price', 'product.discount']);
// false
Arr::hasAny()
The Arr::hasAny
method checks whether any item in a
given set exists in an array using "dot" notation:
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$array = ['product' => ['name' => 'Desk', 'price' => 100]];
$contains = Arr::hasAny($array, 'product.name');
// true
$contains = Arr::hasAny($array, ['product.name', 'product.discount']);
// true
$contains = Arr::hasAny($array, ['category', 'product.discount']);
// false
Arr::isAssoc()
The Arr::isAssoc
method returns true
if the
given array is an associative array. An array is considered
"associative" if it doesn't have sequential numerical keys beginning
with zero:
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$isAssoc = Arr::isAssoc(['product' => ['name' => 'Desk', 'price' => 100]]);
// true
$isAssoc = Arr::isAssoc([1, 2, 3]);
// false
Arr::isList()
The Arr::isList
method returns true
if the
given array's keys are sequential integers beginning from zero:
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$isList = Arr::isList(['foo', 'bar', 'baz']);
// true
$isList = Arr::isList(['product' => ['name' => 'Desk', 'price' => 100]]);
// false
Arr::join()
The Arr::join
method joins array elements with a string.
Using this method's second argument, you may also specify the joining
string for the final element of the array:
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$array = ['Tailwind', 'Alpine', 'Laravel', 'Livewire'];
$joined = Arr::join($array, ', ');
// Tailwind, Alpine, Laravel, Livewire
$joined = Arr::join($array, ', ', ' and ');
// Tailwind, Alpine, Laravel and Livewire
Arr::keyBy()
The Arr::keyBy
method keys the array by the given key.
If multiple items have the same key, only the last one will appear in
the new array:
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$array = [
['product_id' => 'prod-100', 'name' => 'Desk'],
['product_id' => 'prod-200', 'name' => 'Chair'],
];
$keyed = Arr::keyBy($array, 'product_id');
/*
[
'prod-100' => ['product_id' => 'prod-100', 'name' => 'Desk'],
'prod-200' => ['product_id' => 'prod-200', 'name' => 'Chair'],
]
*/
Arr::last()
The Arr::last
method returns the last element of an
array passing a given truth test:
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$array = [100, 200, 300, 110];
$last = Arr::last($array, function (int $value, int $key) {
return $value >= 150;
});
// 300
A default value may be passed as the third argument to the method. This value will be returned if no value passes the truth test:
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$last = Arr::last($array, $callback, $default);
Arr::map()
The Arr::map
method iterates through the array and
passes each value and key to the given callback. The array value is
replaced by the value returned by the callback:
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$array = ['first' => 'james', 'last' => 'kirk'];
$mapped = Arr::map($array, function (string $value, string $key) {
return ucfirst($value);
});
// ['first' => 'James', 'last' => 'Kirk']
Arr::mapWithKeys()
The Arr::mapWithKeys
method iterates through the array
and passes each value to the given callback. The callback should return
an associative array containing a single key / value pair:
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$array = [
[
'name' => 'John',
'department' => 'Sales',
'email' => 'john@example.com',
],
[
'name' => 'Jane',
'department' => 'Marketing',
'email' => 'jane@example.com',
]
];
$mapped = Arr::mapWithKeys($array, function (array $item, int $key) {
return [$item['email'] => $item['name']];
});
/*
[
'john@example.com' => 'John',
'jane@example.com' => 'Jane',
]
*/
Arr::only()
The Arr::only
method returns only the specified key /
value pairs from the given array:
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$array = ['name' => 'Desk', 'price' => 100, 'orders' => 10];
$slice = Arr::only($array, ['name', 'price']);
// ['name' => 'Desk', 'price' => 100]
Arr::pluck()
The Arr::pluck
method retrieves all of the values for a
given key from an array:
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$array = [
['developer' => ['id' => 1, 'name' => 'Taylor']],
['developer' => ['id' => 2, 'name' => 'Abigail']],
];
$names = Arr::pluck($array, 'developer.name');
// ['Taylor', 'Abigail']
You may also specify how you wish the resulting list to be keyed:
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$names = Arr::pluck($array, 'developer.name', 'developer.id');
// [1 => 'Taylor', 2 => 'Abigail']
Arr::prepend()
The Arr::prepend
method will push an item onto the
beginning of an array:
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$array = ['one', 'two', 'three', 'four'];
$array = Arr::prepend($array, 'zero');
// ['zero', 'one', 'two', 'three', 'four']
If needed, you may specify the key that should be used for the value:
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$array = ['price' => 100];
$array = Arr::prepend($array, 'Desk', 'name');
// ['name' => 'Desk', 'price' => 100]
Arr::prependKeysWith()
The Arr::prependKeysWith
prepends all key names of an
associative array with the given prefix:
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$array = [
'name' => 'Desk',
'price' => 100,
];
$keyed = Arr::prependKeysWith($array, 'product.');
/*
[
'product.name' => 'Desk',
'product.price' => 100,
]
*/
Arr::pull()
The Arr::pull
method returns and removes a key / value
pair from an array:
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$array = ['name' => 'Desk', 'price' => 100];
$name = Arr::pull($array, 'name');
// $name: Desk
// $array: ['price' => 100]
A default value may be passed as the third argument to the method. This value will be returned if the key doesn't exist:
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$value = Arr::pull($array, $key, $default);
Arr::query()
The Arr::query
method converts the array into a query
string:
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$array = [
'name' => 'Taylor',
'order' => [
'column' => 'created_at',
'direction' => 'desc'
]
];
Arr::query($array);
// name=Taylor&order[column]=created_at&order[direction]=desc
Arr::random()
The Arr::random
method returns a random value from an
array:
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$array = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
$random = Arr::random($array);
// 4 - (retrieved randomly)
You may also specify the number of items to return as an optional second argument. Note that providing this argument will return an array even if only one item is desired:
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$items = Arr::random($array, 2);
// [2, 5] - (retrieved randomly)
Arr::set()
The Arr::set
method sets a value within a deeply nested
array using "dot" notation:
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$array = ['products' => ['desk' => ['price' => 100]]];
Arr::set($array, 'products.desk.price', 200);
// ['products' => ['desk' => ['price' => 200]]]
Arr::shuffle()
The Arr::shuffle
method randomly shuffles the items in
the array:
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$array = Arr::shuffle([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]);
// [3, 2, 5, 1, 4] - (generated randomly)
Arr::sort()
The Arr::sort
method sorts an array by its values:
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$array = ['Desk', 'Table', 'Chair'];
$sorted = Arr::sort($array);
// ['Chair', 'Desk', 'Table']
You may also sort the array by the results of a given closure:
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$array = [
['name' => 'Desk'],
['name' => 'Table'],
['name' => 'Chair'],
];
$sorted = array_values(Arr::sort($array, function (array $value) {
return $value['name'];
}));
/*
[
['name' => 'Chair'],
['name' => 'Desk'],
['name' => 'Table'],
]
*/
Arr::sortDesc()
The Arr::sortDesc
method sorts an array in descending
order by its values:
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$array = ['Desk', 'Table', 'Chair'];
$sorted = Arr::sortDesc($array);
// ['Table', 'Desk', 'Chair']
You may also sort the array by the results of a given closure:
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$array = [
['name' => 'Desk'],
['name' => 'Table'],
['name' => 'Chair'],
];
$sorted = array_values(Arr::sortDesc($array, function (array $value) {
return $value['name'];
}));
/*
[
['name' => 'Table'],
['name' => 'Desk'],
['name' => 'Chair'],
]
*/
Arr::sortRecursive()
The Arr::sortRecursive
method recursively sorts an array
using the sort
function for numerically indexed sub-arrays
and the ksort
function for associative sub-arrays:
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$array = [
['Roman', 'Taylor', 'Li'],
['PHP', 'Ruby', 'JavaScript'],
['one' => 1, 'two' => 2, 'three' => 3],
];
$sorted = Arr::sortRecursive($array);
/*
[
['JavaScript', 'PHP', 'Ruby'],
['one' => 1, 'three' => 3, 'two' => 2],
['Li', 'Roman', 'Taylor'],
]
*/
If you would like the results sorted in descending order, you may use
the Arr::sortRecursiveDesc
method.
$sorted = Arr::sortRecursiveDesc($array);
Arr::toCssClasses()
The Arr::toCssClasses
conditionally compiles a CSS class
string. The method accepts an array of classes where the array key
contains the class or classes you wish to add, while the value is a
boolean expression. If the array element has a numeric key, it will
always be included in the rendered class list:
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$isActive = false;
$hasError = true;
$array = ['p-4', 'font-bold' => $isActive, 'bg-red' => $hasError];
$classes = Arr::toCssClasses($array);
/*
'p-4 bg-red'
*/
Arr::toCssStyles()
The Arr::toCssStyles
conditionally compiles a CSS style
string. The method accepts an array of classes where the array key
contains the class or classes you wish to add, while the value is a
boolean expression. If the array element has a numeric key, it will
always be included in the rendered class list:
$hasColor = true;
$array = ['background-color: blue', 'color: blue' => $hasColor];
$classes = Arr::toCssStyles($array);
/*
'background-color: blue; color: blue;'
*/
This method powers Laravel's functionality allowing merging classes with a
Blade component's attribute bag as well as the @class
Blade directive.
Arr::undot()
The Arr::undot
method expands a single-dimensional array
that uses "dot" notation into a multi-dimensional array:
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$array = [
'user.name' => 'Kevin Malone',
'user.occupation' => 'Accountant',
];
$array = Arr::undot($array);
// ['user' => ['name' => 'Kevin Malone', 'occupation' => 'Accountant']]
Arr::where()
The Arr::where
method filters an array using the given
closure:
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$array = [100, '200', 300, '400', 500];
$filtered = Arr::where($array, function (string|int $value, int $key) {
return is_string($value);
});
// [1 => '200', 3 => '400']
Arr::whereNotNull()
The Arr::whereNotNull
method removes all
null
values from the given array:
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$array = [0, null];
$filtered = Arr::whereNotNull($array);
// [0 => 0]
Arr::wrap()
The Arr::wrap
method wraps the given value in an array.
If the given value is already an array it will be returned without
modification:
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$string = 'Laravel';
$array = Arr::wrap($string);
// ['Laravel']
If the given value is null
, an empty array will be
returned:
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$array = Arr::wrap(null);
// []
data_fill()
The data_fill
function sets a missing value within a
nested array or object using "dot" notation:
$data = ['products' => ['desk' => ['price' => 100]]];
data_fill($data, 'products.desk.price', 200);
// ['products' => ['desk' => ['price' => 100]]]
data_fill($data, 'products.desk.discount', 10);
// ['products' => ['desk' => ['price' => 100, 'discount' => 10]]]
This function also accepts asterisks as wildcards and will fill the target accordingly:
$data = [
'products' => [
['name' => 'Desk 1', 'price' => 100],
['name' => 'Desk 2'],
],
];
data_fill($data, 'products.*.price', 200);
/*
[
'products' => [
['name' => 'Desk 1', 'price' => 100],
['name' => 'Desk 2', 'price' => 200],
],
]
*/
data_get()
The data_get
function retrieves a value from a nested
array or object using "dot" notation:
$data = ['products' => ['desk' => ['price' => 100]]];
$price = data_get($data, 'products.desk.price');
// 100
The data_get
function also accepts a default value,
which will be returned if the specified key is not found:
$discount = data_get($data, 'products.desk.discount', 0);
// 0
The function also accepts wildcards using asterisks, which may target any key of the array or object:
$data = [
'product-one' => ['name' => 'Desk 1', 'price' => 100],
'product-two' => ['name' => 'Desk 2', 'price' => 150],
];
data_get($data, '*.name');
// ['Desk 1', 'Desk 2'];
data_set()
The data_set
function sets a value within a nested array
or object using "dot" notation:
$data = ['products' => ['desk' => ['price' => 100]]];
data_set($data, 'products.desk.price', 200);
// ['products' => ['desk' => ['price' => 200]]]
This function also accepts wildcards using asterisks and will set values on the target accordingly:
$data = [
'products' => [
['name' => 'Desk 1', 'price' => 100],
['name' => 'Desk 2', 'price' => 150],
],
];
data_set($data, 'products.*.price', 200);
/*
[
'products' => [
['name' => 'Desk 1', 'price' => 200],
['name' => 'Desk 2', 'price' => 200],
],
]
*/
By default, any existing values are overwritten. If you wish to only
set a value if it doesn't exist, you may pass false
as the
fourth argument to the function:
$data = ['products' => ['desk' => ['price' => 100]]];
data_set($data, 'products.desk.price', 200, overwrite: false);
// ['products' => ['desk' => ['price' => 100]]]
data_forget()
The data_forget
function removes a value within a nested
array or object using "dot" notation:
$data = ['products' => ['desk' => ['price' => 100]]];
data_forget($data, 'products.desk.price');
// ['products' => ['desk' => []]]
This function also accepts wildcards using asterisks and will remove values on the target accordingly:
$data = [
'products' => [
['name' => 'Desk 1', 'price' => 100],
['name' => 'Desk 2', 'price' => 150],
],
];
data_forget($data, 'products.*.price');
/*
[
'products' => [
['name' => 'Desk 1'],
['name' => 'Desk 2'],
],
]
*/
head()
The head
function returns the first element in the given
array:
$array = [100, 200, 300];
$first = head($array);
// 100
last()
The last
function returns the last element in the given
array:
$array = [100, 200, 300];
$last = last($array);
// 300
Paths
app_path()
The app_path
function returns the fully qualified path
to your application's app
directory. You may also use the
app_path
function to generate a fully qualified path to a
file relative to the application directory:
$path = app_path();
$path = app_path('Http/Controllers/Controller.php');
base_path()
The base_path
function returns the fully qualified path
to your application's root directory. You may also use the
base_path
function to generate a fully qualified path to a
given file relative to the project root directory:
$path = base_path();
$path = base_path('vendor/bin');
config_path()
The config_path
function returns the fully qualified
path to your application's config
directory. You may also
use the config_path
function to generate a fully qualified
path to a given file within the application's configuration
directory:
$path = config_path();
$path = config_path('app.php');
database_path()
The database_path
function returns the fully qualified
path to your application's database
directory. You may also
use the database_path
function to generate a fully
qualified path to a given file within the database directory:
$path = database_path();
$path = database_path('factories/UserFactory.php');
lang_path()
The lang_path
function returns the fully qualified path
to your application's lang
directory. You may also use the
lang_path
function to generate a fully qualified path to a
given file within the directory:
$path = lang_path();
$path = lang_path('en/messages.php');
Note: By default, the Laravel application skeleton does not include the
lang
directory. If you would like to customize Laravel's language files, you may publish them via thelang:publish
Artisan command.
mix()
The mix
function returns the path to a versioned Mix file:
$path = mix('css/app.css');
public_path()
The public_path
function returns the fully qualified
path to your application's public
directory. You may also
use the public_path
function to generate a fully qualified
path to a given file within the public directory:
$path = public_path();
$path = public_path('css/app.css');
resource_path()
The resource_path
function returns the fully qualified
path to your application's resources
directory. You may
also use the resource_path
function to generate a fully
qualified path to a given file within the resources directory:
$path = resource_path();
$path = resource_path('sass/app.scss');
storage_path()
The storage_path
function returns the fully qualified
path to your application's storage
directory. You may also
use the storage_path
function to generate a fully qualified
path to a given file within the storage directory:
$path = storage_path();
$path = storage_path('app/file.txt');
URLs
action()
The action
function generates a URL for the given
controller action:
use App\Http\Controllers\HomeController;
$url = action([HomeController::class, 'index']);
If the method accepts route parameters, you may pass them as the second argument to the method:
$url = action([UserController::class, 'profile'], ['id' => 1]);
asset()
The asset
function generates a URL for an asset using
the current scheme of the request (HTTP or HTTPS):
$url = asset('img/photo.jpg');
You can configure the asset URL host by setting the
ASSET_URL
variable in your .env
file. This can
be useful if you host your assets on an external service like Amazon S3
or another CDN:
// ASSET_URL=http://example.com/assets
$url = asset('img/photo.jpg'); // http://example.com/assets/img/photo.jpg
route()
The route
function generates a URL for a given named route:
$url = route('route.name');
If the route accepts parameters, you may pass them as the second argument to the function:
$url = route('route.name', ['id' => 1]);
By default, the route
function generates an absolute
URL. If you wish to generate a relative URL, you may pass
false
as the third argument to the function:
$url = route('route.name', ['id' => 1], false);
secure_asset()
The secure_asset
function generates a URL for an asset
using HTTPS:
$url = secure_asset('img/photo.jpg');
secure_url()
The secure_url
function generates a fully qualified
HTTPS URL to the given path. Additional URL segments may be passed in
the function's second argument:
$url = secure_url('user/profile');
$url = secure_url('user/profile', [1]);
to_route()
The to_route
function generates a redirect HTTP response for a given
named route:
return to_route('users.show', ['user' => 1]);
If necessary, you may pass the HTTP status code that should be
assigned to the redirect and any additional response headers as the
third and fourth arguments to the to_route
method:
return to_route('users.show', ['user' => 1], 302, ['X-Framework' => 'Laravel']);
url()
The url
function generates a fully qualified URL to the
given path:
$url = url('user/profile');
$url = url('user/profile', [1]);
If no path is provided, an
Illuminate\Routing\UrlGenerator
instance is returned:
$current = url()->current();
$full = url()->full();
$previous = url()->previous();
Miscellaneous
abort()
The abort
function throws an HTTP exception which will be
rendered by the exception
handler:
abort(403);
You may also provide the exception's message and custom HTTP response headers that should be sent to the browser:
abort(403, 'Unauthorized.', $headers);
abort_if()
The abort_if
function throws an HTTP exception if a
given boolean expression evaluates to true
:
abort_if(! Auth::user()->isAdmin(), 403);
Like the abort
method, you may also provide the
exception's response text as the third argument and an array of custom
response headers as the fourth argument to the function.
abort_unless()
The abort_unless
function throws an HTTP exception if a
given boolean expression evaluates to false
:
abort_unless(Auth::user()->isAdmin(), 403);
Like the abort
method, you may also provide the
exception's response text as the third argument and an array of custom
response headers as the fourth argument to the function.
app()
The app
function returns the service container instance:
$container = app();
You may pass a class or interface name to resolve it from the container:
$api = app('HelpSpot\API');
auth()
The auth
function returns an authenticator instance. You may use it as
an alternative to the Auth
facade:
$user = auth()->user();
If needed, you may specify which guard instance you would like to access:
$user = auth('admin')->user();
back()
The back
function generates a redirect HTTP response to the user's
previous location:
return back($status = 302, $headers = [], $fallback = '/');
return back();
bcrypt()
The bcrypt
function hashes
the given value using Bcrypt. You may use this function as an
alternative to the Hash
facade:
$password = bcrypt('my-secret-password');
blank()
The blank
function determines whether the given value is
"blank":
blank('');
blank(' ');
blank(null);
blank(collect());
// true
blank(0);
blank(true);
blank(false);
// false
For the inverse of blank
, see the filled
method.
broadcast()
The broadcast
function broadcasts the given event to its listeners:
broadcast(new UserRegistered($user));
broadcast(new UserRegistered($user))->toOthers();
cache()
The cache
function may be used to get values from the cache. If the given key does not exist in the
cache, an optional default value will be returned:
$value = cache('key');
$value = cache('key', 'default');
You may add items to the cache by passing an array of key / value pairs to the function. You should also pass the number of seconds or duration the cached value should be considered valid:
cache(['key' => 'value'], 300);
cache(['key' => 'value'], now()->addSeconds(10));
class_uses_recursive()
The class_uses_recursive
function returns all traits
used by a class, including traits used by all of its parent classes:
$traits = class_uses_recursive(App\Models\User::class);
collect()
The collect
function creates a collection instance from the given
value:
$collection = collect(['taylor', 'abigail']);
config()
The config
function gets the value of a configuration variable. The configuration
values may be accessed using "dot" syntax, which includes the name of
the file and the option you wish to access. A default value may be
specified and is returned if the configuration option does not
exist:
$value = config('app.timezone');
$value = config('app.timezone', $default);
You may set configuration variables at runtime by passing an array of key / value pairs. However, note that this function only affects the configuration value for the current request and does not update your actual configuration values:
config(['app.debug' => true]);
cookie()
The cookie
function creates a new cookie instance:
$cookie = cookie('name', 'value', $minutes);
csrf_field()
The csrf_field
function generates an HTML
hidden
input field containing the value of the CSRF token.
For example, using Blade syntax:
{{ csrf_field() }}
csrf_token()
The csrf_token
function retrieves the value of the
current CSRF token:
$token = csrf_token();
decrypt()
The decrypt
function decrypts the given value. You may use this
function as an alternative to the Crypt
facade:
$password = decrypt($value);
dd()
The dd
function dumps the given variables and ends the
execution of the script:
dd($value);
dd($value1, $value2, $value3, ...);
If you do not want to halt the execution of your script, use the dump
function instead.
dispatch()
The dispatch
function pushes the given job onto the Laravel job queue:
dispatch(new App\Jobs\SendEmails);
dispatch_sync()
The dispatch_sync
function pushes the given job to the
sync queue so that it
is processed immediately:
dispatch_sync(new App\Jobs\SendEmails);
dump()
The dump
function dumps the given variables:
dump($value);
dump($value1, $value2, $value3, ...);
If you want to stop executing the script after dumping the variables,
use the dd
function instead.
encrypt()
The encrypt
function encrypts the given value. You may use this
function as an alternative to the Crypt
facade:
$secret = encrypt('my-secret-value');
env()
The env
function retrieves the value of an environment
variable or returns a default value:
$env = env('APP_ENV');
$env = env('APP_ENV', 'production');
Warning!!
If you execute theconfig:cache
command during your deployment process, you should be sure that you are only calling theenv
function from within your configuration files. Once the configuration has been cached, the.env
file will not be loaded and all calls to theenv
function will returnnull
.
event()
The event
function dispatches the given event to its listeners:
event(new UserRegistered($user));
fake()
The fake
function resolves a Faker singleton from the
container, which can be useful when creating fake data in model
factories, database seeding, tests, and prototyping views:
@for($i = 0; $i < 10; $i++)
<dl>
<dt>Name</dt>
<dd>{{ fake()->name() }}</dd>
<dt>Email</dt>
<dd>{{ fake()->unique()->safeEmail() }}</dd>
</dl>
@endfor
By default, the fake
function will utilize the
app.faker_locale
configuration option in your
config/app.php
configuration file; however, you may also
specify the locale by passing it to the fake
function. Each
locale will resolve an individual singleton:
fake('nl_NL')->name()
filled()
The filled
function determines whether the given value
is not "blank":
filled(0);
filled(true);
filled(false);
// true
filled('');
filled(' ');
filled(null);
filled(collect());
// false
For the inverse of filled
, see the blank
method.
info()
The info
function will write information to your
application's log:
info('Some helpful information!');
An array of contextual data may also be passed to the function:
info('User login attempt failed.', ['id' => $user->id]);
logger()
The logger
function can be used to write a
debug
level message to the log:
logger('Debug message');
An array of contextual data may also be passed to the function:
logger('User has logged in.', ['id' => $user->id]);
A logger instance will be returned if no value is passed to the function:
logger()->error('You are not allowed here.');
method_field()
The method_field
function generates an HTML
hidden
input field containing the spoofed value of the
form's HTTP verb. For example, using Blade
syntax:
<form method="POST">
{{ method_field('DELETE') }}
</form>
now()
The now
function creates a new
Illuminate\Support\Carbon
instance for the current
time:
$now = now();
old()
The old
function retrieves an old input value flashed into the
session:
$value = old('value');
$value = old('value', 'default');
Since the "default value" provided as the second argument to the
old
function is often an attribute of an Eloquent model,
Laravel allows you to simply pass the entire Eloquent model as the
second argument to the old
function. When doing so, Laravel
will assume the first argument provided to the old
function
is the name of the Eloquent attribute that should be considered the
"default value":
{{ old('name', $user->name) }}
// Is equivalent to...
{{ old('name', $user) }}
optional()
The optional
function accepts any argument and allows
you to access properties or call methods on that object. If the given
object is null
, properties and methods will return
null
instead of causing an error:
return optional($user->address)->street;
{!! old('name', optional($user)->name) !!}
The optional
function also accepts a closure as its
second argument. The closure will be invoked if the value provided as
the first argument is not null:
return optional(User::find($id), function (User $user) {
return $user->name;
});
policy()
The policy
method retrieves a policy instance for a
given class:
$policy = policy(App\Models\User::class);
redirect()
The redirect
function returns a redirect HTTP response, or returns
the redirector instance if called with no arguments:
return redirect($to = null, $status = 302, $headers = [], $https = null);
return redirect('/home');
return redirect()->route('route.name');
report()
The report
function will report an exception using your
exception handler:
report($e);
The report
function also accepts a string as an
argument. When a string is given to the function, the function will
create an exception with the given string as its message:
report('Something went wrong.');
report_if()
The report_if
function will report an exception using
your exception handler
if the given condition is true
:
report_if($shouldReport, $e);
report_if($shouldReport, 'Something went wrong.');
report_unless()
The report_unless
function will report an exception
using your exception
handler if the given condition is false
:
report_unless($reportingDisabled, $e);
report_unless($reportingDisabled, 'Something went wrong.');
request()
The request
function returns the current request instance or obtains an input field's
value from the current request:
$request = request();
$value = request('key', $default);
rescue()
The rescue
function executes the given closure and
catches any exceptions that occur during its execution. All exceptions
that are caught will be sent to your exception handler; however,
the request will continue processing:
return rescue(function () {
return $this->method();
});
You may also pass a second argument to the rescue
function. This argument will be the "default" value that should be
returned if an exception occurs while executing the closure:
return rescue(function () {
return $this->method();
}, false);
return rescue(function () {
return $this->method();
}, function () {
return $this->failure();
});
A report
argument may be provided to the
rescue
function to determine if the exception should be
reported via the report
function:
return rescue(function () {
return $this->method();
}, report: function (Throwable $throwable) {
return $throwable instanceof InvalidArgumentException;
});
resolve()
The resolve
function resolves a given class or interface
name to an instance using the service
container:
$api = resolve('HelpSpot\API');
response()
The response
function creates a response instance or obtains an instance of
the response factory:
return response('Hello World', 200, $headers);
return response()->json(['foo' => 'bar'], 200, $headers);
retry()
The retry
function attempts to execute the given
callback until the given maximum attempt threshold is met. If the
callback does not throw an exception, its return value will be returned.
If the callback throws an exception, it will automatically be retried.
If the maximum attempt count is exceeded, the exception will be
thrown:
return retry(5, function () {
// Attempt 5 times while resting 100ms between attempts...
}, 100);
If you would like to manually calculate the number of milliseconds to
sleep between attempts, you may pass a closure as the third argument to
the retry
function:
use Exception;
return retry(5, function () {
// ...
}, function (int $attempt, Exception $exception) {
return $attempt * 100;
});
For convenience, you may provide an array as the first argument to
the retry
function. This array will be used to determine
how many milliseconds to sleep between subsequent attempts:
return retry([100, 200], function () {
// Sleep for 100ms on first retry, 200ms on second retry...
});
To only retry under specific conditions, you may pass a closure as
the fourth argument to the retry
function:
use Exception;
return retry(5, function () {
// ...
}, 100, function (Exception $exception) {
return $exception instanceof RetryException;
});
session()
The session
function may be used to get or set session values:
$value = session('key');
You may set values by passing an array of key / value pairs to the function:
session(['chairs' => 7, 'instruments' => 3]);
The session store will be returned if no value is passed to the function:
$value = session()->get('key');
session()->put('key', $value);
tap()
The tap
function accepts two arguments: an arbitrary
$value
and a closure. The $value
will be
passed to the closure and then be returned by the tap
function. The return value of the closure is irrelevant:
$user = tap(User::first(), function (User $user) {
$user->name = 'taylor';
$user->save();
});
If no closure is passed to the tap
function, you may
call any method on the given $value
. The return value of
the method you call will always be $value
, regardless of
what the method actually returns in its definition. For example, the
Eloquent update
method typically returns an integer.
However, we can force the method to return the model itself by chaining
the update
method call through the tap
function:
$user = tap($user)->update([
'name' => $name,
'email' => $email,
]);
To add a tap
method to a class, you may add the
Illuminate\Support\Traits\Tappable
trait to the class. The
tap
method of this trait accepts a Closure as its only
argument. The object instance itself will be passed to the Closure and
then be returned by the tap
method:
return $user->tap(function (User $user) {
// ...
});
throw_if()
The throw_if
function throws the given exception if a
given boolean expression evaluates to true
:
throw_if(! Auth::user()->isAdmin(), AuthorizationException::class);
throw_if(
! Auth::user()->isAdmin(),
AuthorizationException::class,
'You are not allowed to access this page.'
);
throw_unless()
The throw_unless
function throws the given exception if
a given boolean expression evaluates to false
:
throw_unless(Auth::user()->isAdmin(), AuthorizationException::class);
throw_unless(
Auth::user()->isAdmin(),
AuthorizationException::class,
'You are not allowed to access this page.'
);
today()
The today
function creates a new
Illuminate\Support\Carbon
instance for the current
date:
$today = today();
trait_uses_recursive()
The trait_uses_recursive
function returns all traits
used by a trait:
$traits = trait_uses_recursive(\Illuminate\Notifications\Notifiable::class);
transform()
The transform
function executes a closure on a given
value if the value is not blank and then
returns the return value of the closure:
$callback = function (int $value) {
return $value * 2;
};
$result = transform(5, $callback);
// 10
A default value or closure may be passed as the third argument to the function. This value will be returned if the given value is blank:
$result = transform(null, $callback, 'The value is blank');
// The value is blank
validator()
The validator
function creates a new validator instance with the given arguments.
You may use it as an alternative to the Validator
facade:
$validator = validator($data, $rules, $messages);
value()
The value
function returns the value it is given.
However, if you pass a closure to the function, the closure will be
executed and its returned value will be returned:
$result = value(true);
// true
$result = value(function () {
return false;
});
// false
Additional arguments may be passed to the value
function. If the first argument is a closure then the additional
parameters will be passed to the closure as arguments, otherwise they
will be ignored:
$result = value(function (string $name) {
return $name;
}, 'Taylor');
// 'Taylor'
view()
The view
function retrieves a view instance:
return view('auth.login');
with()
The with
function returns the value it is given. If a
closure is passed as the second argument to the function, the closure
will be executed and its returned value will be returned:
$callback = function (mixed $value) {
return is_numeric($value) ? $value * 2 : 0;
};
$result = with(5, $callback);
// 10
$result = with(null, $callback);
// 0
$result = with(5, null);
// 5
Other Utilities
Benchmarking
Sometimes you may wish to quickly test the performance of certain
parts of your application. On those occasions, you may utilize the
Benchmark
support class to measure the number of
milliseconds it takes for the given callbacks to complete:
<?php
use App\Models\User;
use Illuminate\Support\Benchmark;
Benchmark::dd(fn () => User::find(1)); // 0.1 ms
Benchmark::dd([
'Scenario 1' => fn () => User::count(), // 0.5 ms
'Scenario 2' => fn () => User::all()->count(), // 20.0 ms
]);
By default, the given callbacks will be executed once (one iteration), and their duration will be displayed in the browser / console.
To invoke a callback more than once, you may specify the number of
iterations that the callback should be invoked as the second argument to
the method. When executing a callback more than once, the
Benchmark
class will return the average amount of
milliseconds it took to execute the callback across all iterations:
Benchmark::dd(fn () => User::count(), iterations: 10); // 0.5 ms
Sometimes, you may want to benchmark the execution of a callback
while still obtaining the value returned by the callback. The
value
method will return a tuple containing the value
returned by the callback and the amount of milliseconds it took to
execute the callback:
[$count, $duration] = Benchmark::value(fn () => User::count());
Dates
Laravel includes Carbon, a powerful date and
time manipulation library. To create a new Carbon
instance,
you may invoke the now
function. This function is globally
available within your Laravel application:
$now = now();
Or, you may create a new Carbon
instance using the
Illuminate\Support\Carbon
class:
use Illuminate\Support\Carbon;
$now = Carbon::now();
For a thorough discussion of Carbon and its features, please consult the official Carbon documentation.
Lottery
Laravel's lottery class may be used to execute callbacks based on a set of given odds. This can be particularly useful when you only want to execute code for a percentage of your incoming requests:
use Illuminate\Support\Lottery;
Lottery::odds(1, 20)
->winner(fn () => $user->won())
->loser(fn () => $user->lost())
->choose();
You may combine Laravel's lottery class with other Laravel features. For example, you may wish to only report a small percentage of slow queries to your exception handler. And, since the lottery class is callable, we may pass an instance of the class into any method that accepts callables:
use Carbon\CarbonInterval;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;
use Illuminate\Support\Lottery;
DB::whenQueryingForLongerThan(
CarbonInterval::seconds(2),
Lottery::odds(1, 100)->winner(fn () => report('Querying > 2 seconds.')),
);
Testing Lotteries
Laravel provides some simple methods to allow you to easily test your application's lottery invocations:
// Lottery will always win...
Lottery::alwaysWin();
// Lottery will always lose...
Lottery::alwaysLose();
// Lottery will win then lose, and finally return to normal behavior...
Lottery::fix([true, false]);
// Lottery will return to normal behavior...
Lottery::determineResultsNormally();
Pipeline
Laravel's Pipeline
facade provides a convenient way to
"pipe" a given input through a series of invokable classes, closures, or
callables, giving each class the opportunity to inspect or modify the
input and invoke the next callable in the pipeline:
use Closure;
use App\Models\User;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Pipeline;
$user = Pipeline::send($user)
->through([
function (User $user, Closure $next) {
// ...
return $next($user);
},
function (User $user, Closure $next) {
// ...
return $next($user);
},
])
->then(fn (User $user) => $user);
As you can see, each invokable class or closure in the pipeline is
provided the input and a $next
closure. Invoking the
$next
closure will invoke the next callable in the
pipeline. As you may have noticed, this is very similar to middleware.
When the last callable in the pipeline invokes the $next
closure, the callable provided to the then
method will be
invoked. Typically, this callable will simply return the given
input.
Of course, as discussed previously, you are not limited to providing closures to your pipeline. You may also provide invokable classes. If a class name is provided, the class will be instantiated via Laravel's service container, allowing dependencies to be injected into the invokable class:
$user = Pipeline::send($user)
->through([
GenerateProfilePhoto::class,
ActivateSubscription::class,
SendWelcomeEmail::class,
])
->then(fn (User $user) => $user);
Sleep
Laravel's Sleep
class is a light-weight wrapper around
PHP's native sleep
and usleep
functions,
offering greater testability while also exposing a developer friendly
API for working with time:
use Illuminate\Support\Sleep;
$waiting = true;
while ($waiting) {
Sleep::for(1)->second();
$waiting = /* ... */;
}
The Sleep
class offers a variety of methods that allow
you to work with different units of time:
// Pause execution for 90 seconds...
Sleep::for(1.5)->minutes();
// Pause execution for 2 seconds...
Sleep::for(2)->seconds();
// Pause execution for 500 milliseconds...
Sleep::for(500)->milliseconds();
// Pause execution for 5,000 microseconds...
Sleep::for(5000)->microseconds();
// Pause execution until a given time...
Sleep::until(now()->addMinute());
// Alias of PHP's native "sleep" function...
Sleep::sleep(2);
// Alias of PHP's native "usleep" function...
Sleep::usleep(5000);
To easily combine units of time, you may use the and
method:
Sleep::for(1)->second()->and(10)->milliseconds();
Testing Sleep
When testing code that utilizes the Sleep
class or PHP's
native sleep functions, your test will pause execution. As you might
expect, this makes your test suite significantly slower. For example,
imagine you are testing the following code:
$waiting = /* ... */;
$seconds = 1;
while ($waiting) {
Sleep::for($seconds++)->seconds();
$waiting = /* ... */;
}
Typically, testing this code would take at least one second.
Luckily, the Sleep
class allows us to "fake" sleeping so
that our test suite stays fast:
public function test_it_waits_until_ready()
{
Sleep::fake();
// ...
}
When faking the Sleep
class, the actual execution pause
is by-passed, leading to a substantially faster test.
Once the Sleep
class has been faked, it is possible to
make assertions against the expected "sleeps" that should have occurred.
To illustrate this, let's imagine we are testing code that pauses
execution three times, with each pause increasing by a single second.
Using the assertSequence
method, we can assert that our
code "slept" for the proper amount of time while keeping our test
fast:
public function test_it_checks_if_ready_four_times()
{
Sleep::fake();
// ...
Sleep::assertSequence([
Sleep::for(1)->second(),
Sleep::for(2)->seconds(),
Sleep::for(3)->seconds(),
]);
}
Of course, the Sleep
class offers a variety of other
assertions you may use when testing:
use Carbon\CarbonInterval as Duration;
use Illuminate\Support\Sleep;
// Assert that sleep was called 3 times...
Sleep::assertSleptTimes(3);
// Assert against the duration of sleep...
Sleep::assertSlept(function (Duration $duration): bool {
return /* ... */;
}, times: 1);
// Assert that the Sleep class was never invoked...
Sleep::assertNeverSlept();
// Assert that, even if Sleep was called, no execution paused occurred...
Sleep::assertInsomniac();
Sometimes it may be useful to perform an action whenever a fake sleep
occurs in your application code. To achieve this, you may provide a
callback to the whenFakingSleep
method. In the following
example, we use Laravel's time manipulation helpers
to instantly progress time by the duration of each sleep:
use Carbon\CarbonInterval as Duration;
$this->freezeTime();
Sleep::fake();
Sleep::whenFakingSleep(function (Duration $duration) {
// Progress time when faking sleep...
$this->travel($duration->totalMilliseconds)->milliseconds();
});
Laravel uses the Sleep
class internally whenever it is
pausing execution. For example, the retry
helper uses the
Sleep
class when sleeping, allowing for improved
testability when using that helper.