Readouble

Laravel 5.4 Task Scheduling

Introduction

In the past, you may have generated a Cron entry for each task you needed to schedule on your server. However, this can quickly become a pain, because your task schedule is no longer in source control and you must SSH into your server to add additional Cron entries.

Laravel's command scheduler allows you to fluently and expressively define your command schedule within Laravel itself. When using the scheduler, only a single Cron entry is needed on your server. Your task schedule is defined in the app/Console/Kernel.php file's schedule method. To help you get started, a simple example is defined within the method.

Starting The Scheduler

When using the scheduler, you only need to add the following Cron entry to your server. If you do not know how to add Cron entries to your server, consider using a service such as Laravel Forge which can manage the Cron entries for you:

* * * * * php /path-to-your-project/artisan schedule:run >> /dev/null 2>&1

This Cron will call the Laravel command scheduler every minute. When the schedule:run command is executed, Laravel will evaluate your scheduled tasks and runs the tasks that are due.

Defining Schedules

You may define all of your scheduled tasks in the schedule method of the App\Console\Kernel class. To get started, let's look at an example of scheduling a task. In this example, we will schedule a Closure to be called every day at midnight. Within the Closure we will execute a database query to clear a table:

<?php

namespace App\Console;

use DB;
use Illuminate\Console\Scheduling\Schedule;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Console\Kernel as ConsoleKernel;

class Kernel extends ConsoleKernel
{
    /**
     * The Artisan commands provided by your application.
     *
     * @var array
     */
    protected $commands = [
        \App\Console\Commands\Inspire::class,
    ];

    /**
     * Define the application's command schedule.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Console\Scheduling\Schedule  $schedule
     * @return void
     */
    protected function schedule(Schedule $schedule)
    {
        $schedule->call(function () {
            DB::table('recent_users')->delete();
        })->daily();
    }
}

In addition to scheduling Closure calls, you may also schedule Artisan commands and operating system commands. For example, you may use the command method to schedule an Artisan command using either the command's name or class:

$schedule->command('emails:send --force')->daily();

$schedule->command(EmailsCommand::class, ['--force'])->daily();

The exec command may be used to issue a command to the operating system:

$schedule->exec('node /home/forge/script.js')->daily();

Schedule Frequency Options

Of course, there are a variety of schedules you may assign to your task:

Method Description
->cron('* * * * * *'); Run the task on a custom Cron schedule
->everyMinute(); Run the task every minute
->everyFiveMinutes(); Run the task every five minutes
->everyTenMinutes(); Run the task every ten minutes
->everyThirtyMinutes(); Run the task every thirty minutes
->hourly(); Run the task every hour
->hourlyAt(17); Run the task every hour at 17 mins past the hour
->daily(); Run the task every day at midnight
->dailyAt('13:00'); Run the task every day at 13:00
->twiceDaily(1, 13); Run the task daily at 1:00 & 13:00
->weekly(); Run the task every week
->monthly(); Run the task every month
->monthlyOn(4, '15:00'); Run the task every month on the 4th at 15:00
->quarterly(); Run the task every quarter
->yearly(); Run the task every year
->timezone('America/New_York'); Set the timezone

These methods may be combined with additional constraints to create even more finely tuned schedules that only run on certain days of the week. For example, to schedule a command to run weekly on Monday:

// Run once per week on Monday at 1 PM...
$schedule->call(function () {
    //
})->weekly()->mondays()->at('13:00');

// Run hourly from 8 AM to 5 PM on weekdays...
$schedule->command('foo')
          ->weekdays()
          ->hourly()
          ->timezone('America/Chicago')
          ->between('8:00', '17:00');

Below is a list of the additional schedule constraints:

Method Description
->weekdays(); Limit the task to weekdays
->sundays(); Limit the task to Sunday
->mondays(); Limit the task to Monday
->tuesdays(); Limit the task to Tuesday
->wednesdays(); Limit the task to Wednesday
->thursdays(); Limit the task to Thursday
->fridays(); Limit the task to Friday
->saturdays(); Limit the task to Saturday
->between($start, $end); Limit the task to run between start and end times
->when(Closure); Limit the task based on a truth test

Between Time Constraints

The between method may be used to limit the execution of a task based on the time of day:

$schedule->command('reminders:send')
                    ->hourly()
                    ->between('7:00', '22:00');

Similarly, the unlessBetween method can be used to exclude the execution of a task for a period of time:

$schedule->command('reminders:send')
                    ->hourly()
                    ->unlessBetween('23:00', '4:00');

Truth Test Constraints

The when method may be used to limit the execution of a task based on the result of a given truth test. In other words, if the given Closure returns true, the task will execute as long as no other constraining conditions prevent the task from running:

$schedule->command('emails:send')->daily()->when(function () {
    return true;
});

The skip method may be seen as the inverse of when. If the skip method returns true, the scheduled task will not be executed:

$schedule->command('emails:send')->daily()->skip(function () {
    return true;
});

When using chained when methods, the scheduled command will only execute if all when conditions return true.

Preventing Task Overlaps

By default, scheduled tasks will be run even if the previous instance of the task is still running. To prevent this, you may use the withoutOverlapping method:

$schedule->command('emails:send')->withoutOverlapping();

In this example, the emails:send Artisan command will be run every minute if it is not already running. The withoutOverlapping method is especially useful if you have tasks that vary drastically in their execution time, preventing you from predicting exactly how long a given task will take.

Maintenance Mode

Laravel's scheduled tasks will not run when Laravel is in maintenance mode, since we don't want your tasks to interfere with any unfinished maintenance you may be performing on your server. However, if you would like to force a task to run even in maintenance mode, you may use the evenInMaintenanceMode method:

$schedule->command('emails:send')->evenInMaintenanceMode();

Task Output

The Laravel scheduler provides several convenient methods for working with the output generated by scheduled tasks. First, using the sendOutputTo method, you may send the output to a file for later inspection:

$schedule->command('emails:send')
         ->daily()
         ->sendOutputTo($filePath);

If you would like to append the output to a given file, you may use the appendOutputTo method:

$schedule->command('emails:send')
         ->daily()
         ->appendOutputTo($filePath);

Using the emailOutputTo method, you may e-mail the output to an e-mail address of your choice. Before e-mailing the output of a task, you should configure Laravel's e-mail services:

$schedule->command('foo')
         ->daily()
         ->sendOutputTo($filePath)
         ->emailOutputTo('foo@example.com');

Note: note The emailOutputTo, sendOutputTo and appendOutputTo methods are exclusive to the command method and are not supported for call.

Task Hooks

Using the before and after methods, you may specify code to be executed before and after the scheduled task is complete:

$schedule->command('emails:send')
         ->daily()
         ->before(function () {
             // Task is about to start...
         })
         ->after(function () {
             // Task is complete...
         });

Pinging URLs

Using the pingBefore and thenPing methods, the scheduler can automatically ping a given URL before or after a task is complete. This method is useful for notifying an external service, such as Laravel Envoyer, that your scheduled task is commencing or has finished execution:

$schedule->command('emails:send')
         ->daily()
         ->pingBefore($url)
         ->thenPing($url);

Using either the pingBefore($url) or thenPing($url) feature requires the Guzzle HTTP library. You can add Guzzle to your project using the Composer package manager:

composer require guzzlehttp/guzzle

章選択

Official Packages

設定

明暗テーマ
light_mode
dark_mode
brightness_auto システム設定に合わせる
テーマ選択
photo_size_select_actual デフォルト
photo_size_select_actual モノクローム(白黒)
photo_size_select_actual Solarized風
photo_size_select_actual GitHub風(青ベース)
photo_size_select_actual Viva(黄緑ベース)
photo_size_select_actual Happy(紫ベース)
photo_size_select_actual Mint(緑ベース)
コードハイライトテーマ選択

明暗テーマごとに、コードハイライトのテーマを指定できます。

テーマ配色確認
スクリーン表示幅
640px
80%
90%
100%

768px以上の幅があるときのドキュメント部分表示幅です。

インデント
無し
1rem
2rem
3rem
原文確認
原文を全行表示
原文を一行ずつ表示
使用しない

※ 段落末のEボタンへカーソルオンで原文をPopupします。

Diff表示形式
色分けのみで区別
行頭の±で区別
削除線と追記で区別

※ [tl!…]形式の挿入削除行の表示形式です。

テストコード表示
両コード表示
Pestのみ表示
PHPUnitのみ表示
OS表示
全OS表示
macOSのみ表示
windowsのみ表示
linuxのみ表示
和文変換

対象文字列と置換文字列を半角スペースで区切ってください。(最大5組各10文字まで)

本文フォント

総称名以外はCSSと同様に、"〜"でエスケープしてください。

コードフォント

総称名以外はCSSと同様に、"〜"でエスケープしてください。

保存内容リセット

localStrageに保存してある設定項目をすべて削除し、デフォルト状態へ戻します。

ヘッダー項目移動

キーボード操作