Introduction
Redis is an open source, advanced key-value store. It is often referred to as a data structure server since keys can contain strings, hashes, lists, sets, and sorted sets.
Before using Redis with Laravel, you will need to install the predis/predis package via Composer:
composer require predis/predis
Alternatively, you may install the PhpRedis PHP extension via PECL. The extension is more complex to install but may yield better performance for applications that make heavy use of Redis.
Configuration
The Redis configuration for your application is located in the config/database.php configuration file. Within this file, you will see a redis array containing the Redis servers utilized by your application:
'redis' => [
'client' => 'predis',
'default' => [
'host' => env('REDIS_HOST', 'localhost'),
'password' => env('REDIS_PASSWORD', null),
'port' => env('REDIS_PORT', 6379),
'database' => 0,
],
],
The default server configuration should suffice for development. However, you are free to modify this array based on your environment. Each Redis server defined in your configuration file is required to have a name, host, and port.
Configuring Clusters
If your application is utilizing a cluster of Redis servers, you should define these clusters within a clusters key of your Redis configuration:
'redis' => [
'client' => 'predis',
'clusters' => [
'default' => [
[
'host' => env('REDIS_HOST', 'localhost'),
'password' => env('REDIS_PASSWORD', null),
'port' => env('REDIS_PORT', 6379),
'database' => 0,
],
],
],
],
By default, clusters will perform client-side sharding across your nodes, allowing you to pool nodes and create a large amount of available RAM. However, note that client-side sharding does not handle failover; therefore, is primarily suited for cached data that is available from another primary data store. If you would like to use native Redis clustering, you should specify this in the options key of your Redis configuration:
'redis' => [
'client' => 'predis',
'options' => [
'cluster' => 'redis',
],
'clusters' => [
// ...
],
],
Predis
In addition to the default host, port, database, and password server configuration options, Predis supports additional connection parameters that may be defined for each of your Redis servers. To utilize these additional configuration options, add them to your Redis server configuration in the config/database.php configuration file:
'default' => [
'host' => env('REDIS_HOST', 'localhost'),
'password' => env('REDIS_PASSWORD', null),
'port' => env('REDIS_PORT', 6379),
'database' => 0,
'read_write_timeout' => 60,
],
PhpRedis
Note: If you have the PhpRedis PHP extension installed via PECL, you will need to rename the
Redisalias in yourconfig/app.phpconfiguration file.
To utilize the PhpRedis extension, you should change the client option of your Redis configuration to phpredis. This option is found in your config/database.php configuration file:
'redis' => [
'client' => 'phpredis',
// Rest of Redis configuration...
],
In addition to the default host, port, database, and password server configuration options, PhpRedis supports the following additional connection parameters: persistent, prefix, read_timeout and timeout. You may add any of these options to your Redis server configuration in the config/database.php configuration file:
'default' => [
'host' => env('REDIS_HOST', 'localhost'),
'password' => env('REDIS_PASSWORD', null),
'port' => env('REDIS_PORT', 6379),
'database' => 0,
'read_timeout' => 60,
],
Interacting With Redis
You may interact with Redis by calling various methods on the Redis facade. The Redis facade supports dynamic methods, meaning you may call any Redis command on the facade and the command will be passed directly to Redis. In this example, we will call the Redis GET command by calling the get method on the Redis facade:
<?php
namespace App\Http\Controllers;
use App\Http\Controllers\Controller;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Redis;
class UserController extends Controller
{
/**
* Show the profile for the given user.
*
* @param int $id
* @return Response
*/
public function showProfile($id)
{
$user = Redis::get('user:profile:'.$id);
return view('user.profile', ['user' => $user]);
}
}
Of course, as mentioned above, you may call any of the Redis commands on the Redis facade. Laravel uses magic methods to pass the commands to the Redis server, so pass the arguments the Redis command expects:
Redis::set('name', 'Taylor');
$values = Redis::lrange('names', 5, 10);
Alternatively, you may also pass commands to the server using the command method, which accepts the name of the command as its first argument, and an array of values as its second argument:
$values = Redis::command('lrange', ['name', 5, 10]);
Using Multiple Redis Connections
You may get a Redis instance by calling the Redis::connection method:
$redis = Redis::connection();
This will give you an instance of the default Redis server. You may also pass the connection or cluster name to the connection method to get a specific server or cluster as defined in your Redis configuration:
$redis = Redis::connection('my-connection');
Pipelining Commands
Pipelining should be used when you need to send many commands to the server in one operation. The pipeline method accepts one argument: a Closure that receives a Redis instance. You may issue all of your commands to this Redis instance and they will all be executed within a single operation:
Redis::pipeline(function ($pipe) {
for ($i = 0; $i < 1000; $i++) {
$pipe->set("key:$i", $i);
}
});
Pub / Sub
Laravel provides a convenient interface to the Redis publish and subscribe commands. These Redis commands allow you to listen for messages on a given "channel". You may publish messages to the channel from another application, or even using another programming language, allowing easy communication between applications and processes.
First, let's setup a channel listener using the subscribe method. We'll place this method call within an Artisan command since calling the subscribe method begins a long-running process:
<?php
namespace App\Console\Commands;
use Illuminate\Console\Command;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Redis;
class RedisSubscribe extends Command
{
/**
* The name and signature of the console command.
*
* @var string
*/
protected $signature = 'redis:subscribe';
/**
* The console command description.
*
* @var string
*/
protected $description = 'Subscribe to a Redis channel';
/**
* Execute the console command.
*
* @return mixed
*/
public function handle()
{
Redis::subscribe(['test-channel'], function ($message) {
echo $message;
});
}
}
Now we may publish messages to the channel using the publish method:
Route::get('publish', function () {
// Route logic...
Redis::publish('test-channel', json_encode(['foo' => 'bar']));
});
Wildcard Subscriptions
Using the psubscribe method, you may subscribe to a wildcard channel, which may be useful for catching all messages on all channels. The $channel name will be passed as the second argument to the provided callback Closure:
Redis::psubscribe(['*'], function ($message, $channel) {
echo $message;
});
Redis::psubscribe(['users.*'], function ($message, $channel) {
echo $message;
});