Laravel 9.x Helpers

Introduction

Laravel includes a variety of global "helper" PHP functions. Many of these functions are used by the framework itself; however, you are free to use them in your own applications if you find them convenient.

Available Methods

Arrays & Objects

Paths

Strings

Fluent Strings

URLs

Miscellaneous

Method Listing

Arrays & Objects

Arr::accessible() {.collection-method .first-collection-method}

The Arr::accessible method determines if the given value is array accessible:

use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
use Illuminate\Support\Collection;

$isAccessible = Arr::accessible(['a' => 1, 'b' => 2]);

// true

$isAccessible = Arr::accessible(new Collection);

// true

$isAccessible = Arr::accessible('abc');

// false

$isAccessible = Arr::accessible(new stdClass);

// false

Arr::add()

The Arr::add method adds a given key / value pair to an array if the given key doesn't already exist in the array or is set to null:

use Illuminate\Support\Arr;

$array = Arr::add(['name' => 'Desk'], 'price', 100);

// ['name' => 'Desk', 'price' => 100]

$array = Arr::add(['name' => 'Desk', 'price' => null], 'price', 100);

// ['name' => 'Desk', 'price' => 100]

Arr::collapse()

The Arr::collapse method collapses an array of arrays into a single array:

use Illuminate\Support\Arr;

$array = Arr::collapse([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9]]);

// [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]

Arr::crossJoin()

The Arr::crossJoin method cross joins the given arrays, returning a Cartesian product with all possible permutations:

use Illuminate\Support\Arr;

$matrix = Arr::crossJoin([1, 2], ['a', 'b']);

/*
    [
        [1, 'a'],
        [1, 'b'],
        [2, 'a'],
        [2, 'b'],
    ]
*/

$matrix = Arr::crossJoin([1, 2], ['a', 'b'], ['I', 'II']);

/*
    [
        [1, 'a', 'I'],
        [1, 'a', 'II'],
        [1, 'b', 'I'],
        [1, 'b', 'II'],
        [2, 'a', 'I'],
        [2, 'a', 'II'],
        [2, 'b', 'I'],
        [2, 'b', 'II'],
    ]
*/

Arr::divide()

The Arr::divide method returns two arrays: one containing the keys and the other containing the values of the given array:

use Illuminate\Support\Arr;

[$keys, $values] = Arr::divide(['name' => 'Desk']);

// $keys: ['name']

// $values: ['Desk']

Arr::dot()

The Arr::dot method flattens a multi-dimensional array into a single level array that uses "dot" notation to indicate depth:

use Illuminate\Support\Arr;

$array = ['products' => ['desk' => ['price' => 100]]];

$flattened = Arr::dot($array);

// ['products.desk.price' => 100]

Arr::except()

The Arr::except method removes the given key / value pairs from an array:

use Illuminate\Support\Arr;

$array = ['name' => 'Desk', 'price' => 100];

$filtered = Arr::except($array, ['price']);

// ['name' => 'Desk']

Arr::exists()

The Arr::exists method checks that the given key exists in the provided array:

use Illuminate\Support\Arr;

$array = ['name' => 'John Doe', 'age' => 17];

$exists = Arr::exists($array, 'name');

// true

$exists = Arr::exists($array, 'salary');

// false

Arr::first()

The Arr::first method returns the first element of an array passing a given truth test:

use Illuminate\Support\Arr;

$array = [100, 200, 300];

$first = Arr::first($array, function ($value, $key) {
    return $value >= 150;
});

// 200

A default value may also be passed as the third parameter to the method. This value will be returned if no value passes the truth test:

use Illuminate\Support\Arr;

$first = Arr::first($array, $callback, $default);

Arr::flatten()

The Arr::flatten method flattens a multi-dimensional array into a single level array:

use Illuminate\Support\Arr;

$array = ['name' => 'Joe', 'languages' => ['PHP', 'Ruby']];

$flattened = Arr::flatten($array);

// ['Joe', 'PHP', 'Ruby']

Arr::forget()

The Arr::forget method removes a given key / value pair from a deeply nested array using "dot" notation:

use Illuminate\Support\Arr;

$array = ['products' => ['desk' => ['price' => 100]]];

Arr::forget($array, 'products.desk');

// ['products' => []]

Arr::get()

The Arr::get method retrieves a value from a deeply nested array using "dot" notation:

use Illuminate\Support\Arr;

$array = ['products' => ['desk' => ['price' => 100]]];

$price = Arr::get($array, 'products.desk.price');

// 100

The Arr::get method also accepts a default value, which will be returned if the specified key is not present in the array:

use Illuminate\Support\Arr;

$discount = Arr::get($array, 'products.desk.discount', 0);

// 0

Arr::has()

The Arr::has method checks whether a given item or items exists in an array using "dot" notation:

use Illuminate\Support\Arr;

$array = ['product' => ['name' => 'Desk', 'price' => 100]];

$contains = Arr::has($array, 'product.name');

// true

$contains = Arr::has($array, ['product.price', 'product.discount']);

// false

Arr::hasAny()

The Arr::hasAny method checks whether any item in a given set exists in an array using "dot" notation:

use Illuminate\Support\Arr;

$array = ['product' => ['name' => 'Desk', 'price' => 100]];

$contains = Arr::hasAny($array, 'product.name');

// true

$contains = Arr::hasAny($array, ['product.name', 'product.discount']);

// true

$contains = Arr::hasAny($array, ['category', 'product.discount']);

// false

Arr::isAssoc()

The Arr::isAssoc method returns true if the given array is an associative array. An array is considered "associative" if it doesn't have sequential numerical keys beginning with zero:

use Illuminate\Support\Arr;

$isAssoc = Arr::isAssoc(['product' => ['name' => 'Desk', 'price' => 100]]);

// true

$isAssoc = Arr::isAssoc([1, 2, 3]);

// false

Arr::isList()

The Arr::isList method returns true if the given array's keys are sequential integers beginning from zero:

use Illuminate\Support\Arr;

$isList = Arr::isList(['foo', 'bar', 'baz']);

// true

$isList = Arr::isList(['product' => ['name' => 'Desk', 'price' => 100]]);

// false

Arr::join()

The Arr::join method joins array elements with a string. Using this method's second argument, you may also specify the joining string for the final element of the array:

use Illuminate\Support\Arr;

$array = ['Tailwind', 'Alpine', 'Laravel', 'Livewire'];

$joined = Arr::join($array, ', ');

// Tailwind, Alpine, Laravel, Livewire

$joined = Arr::join($array, ', ', ' and ');

// Tailwind, Alpine, Laravel and Livewire

Arr::keyBy()

The Arr::keyBy method keys the array by the given key. If multiple items have the same key, only the last one will appear in the new array:

use Illuminate\Support\Arr;

$array = [
    ['product_id' => 'prod-100', 'name' => 'Desk'],
    ['product_id' => 'prod-200', 'name' => 'Chair'],
];

$keyed = Arr::keyBy($array, 'product_id');

/*
    [
        'prod-100' => ['product_id' => 'prod-100', 'name' => 'Desk'],
        'prod-200' => ['product_id' => 'prod-200', 'name' => 'Chair'],
    ]
*/

Arr::last()

The Arr::last method returns the last element of an array passing a given truth test:

use Illuminate\Support\Arr;

$array = [100, 200, 300, 110];

$last = Arr::last($array, function ($value, $key) {
    return $value >= 150;
});

// 300

A default value may be passed as the third argument to the method. This value will be returned if no value passes the truth test:

use Illuminate\Support\Arr;

$last = Arr::last($array, $callback, $default);

Arr::map()

The Arr::map method iterates through the array and passes each value and key to the given callback. The array value is replaced by the value returned by the callback:

use Illuminate\Support\Arr;

$array = ['first' => 'james', 'last' => 'kirk'];

$mapped = Arr::map($array, function ($value, $key) {
    return ucfirst($value);
});

// ['first' => 'James', 'last' => 'Kirk']

Arr::only()

The Arr::only method returns only the specified key / value pairs from the given array:

use Illuminate\Support\Arr;

$array = ['name' => 'Desk', 'price' => 100, 'orders' => 10];

$slice = Arr::only($array, ['name', 'price']);

// ['name' => 'Desk', 'price' => 100]

Arr::pluck()

The Arr::pluck method retrieves all of the values for a given key from an array:

use Illuminate\Support\Arr;

$array = [
    ['developer' => ['id' => 1, 'name' => 'Taylor']],
    ['developer' => ['id' => 2, 'name' => 'Abigail']],
];

$names = Arr::pluck($array, 'developer.name');

// ['Taylor', 'Abigail']

You may also specify how you wish the resulting list to be keyed:

use Illuminate\Support\Arr;

$names = Arr::pluck($array, 'developer.name', 'developer.id');

// [1 => 'Taylor', 2 => 'Abigail']

Arr::prepend()

The Arr::prepend method will push an item onto the beginning of an array:

use Illuminate\Support\Arr;

$array = ['one', 'two', 'three', 'four'];

$array = Arr::prepend($array, 'zero');

// ['zero', 'one', 'two', 'three', 'four']

If needed, you may specify the key that should be used for the value:

use Illuminate\Support\Arr;

$array = ['price' => 100];

$array = Arr::prepend($array, 'Desk', 'name');

// ['name' => 'Desk', 'price' => 100]

Arr::prependKeysWith()

The Arr::prependKeysWith prepends all key names of an associative array with the given prefix:

use Illuminate\Support\Arr;

$array = [
    'name' => 'Desk',
    'price' => 100,
];

$keyed = Arr::prependKeysWith($array, 'product.');

/*
    [
        'product.name' => 'Desk',
        'product.price' => 100,
    ]
*/

Arr::pull()

The Arr::pull method returns and removes a key / value pair from an array:

use Illuminate\Support\Arr;

$array = ['name' => 'Desk', 'price' => 100];

$name = Arr::pull($array, 'name');

// $name: Desk

// $array: ['price' => 100]

A default value may be passed as the third argument to the method. This value will be returned if the key doesn't exist:

use Illuminate\Support\Arr;

$value = Arr::pull($array, $key, $default);

Arr::query()

The Arr::query method converts the array into a query string:

use Illuminate\Support\Arr;

$array = [
    'name' => 'Taylor',
    'order' => [
        'column' => 'created_at',
        'direction' => 'desc'
    ]
];

Arr::query($array);

// name=Taylor&order[column]=created_at&order[direction]=desc

Arr::random()

The Arr::random method returns a random value from an array:

use Illuminate\Support\Arr;

$array = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];

$random = Arr::random($array);

// 4 - (retrieved randomly)

You may also specify the number of items to return as an optional second argument. Note that providing this argument will return an array even if only one item is desired:

use Illuminate\Support\Arr;

$items = Arr::random($array, 2);

// [2, 5] - (retrieved randomly)

Arr::set()

The Arr::set method sets a value within a deeply nested array using "dot" notation:

use Illuminate\Support\Arr;

$array = ['products' => ['desk' => ['price' => 100]]];

Arr::set($array, 'products.desk.price', 200);

// ['products' => ['desk' => ['price' => 200]]]

Arr::shuffle()

The Arr::shuffle method randomly shuffles the items in the array:

use Illuminate\Support\Arr;

$array = Arr::shuffle([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]);

// [3, 2, 5, 1, 4] - (generated randomly)

Arr::sort()

The Arr::sort method sorts an array by its values:

use Illuminate\Support\Arr;

$array = ['Desk', 'Table', 'Chair'];

$sorted = Arr::sort($array);

// ['Chair', 'Desk', 'Table']

You may also sort the array by the results of a given closure:

use Illuminate\Support\Arr;

$array = [
    ['name' => 'Desk'],
    ['name' => 'Table'],
    ['name' => 'Chair'],
];

$sorted = array_values(Arr::sort($array, function ($value) {
    return $value['name'];
}));

/*
    [
        ['name' => 'Chair'],
        ['name' => 'Desk'],
        ['name' => 'Table'],
    ]
*/

Arr::sortDesc()

The Arr::sortDesc method sorts an array in descending order by its values:

use Illuminate\Support\Arr;

$array = ['Desk', 'Table', 'Chair'];

$sorted = Arr::sortDesc($array);

// ['Table', 'Desk', 'Chair']

You may also sort the array by the results of a given closure:

use Illuminate\Support\Arr;

$array = [
    ['name' => 'Desk'],
    ['name' => 'Table'],
    ['name' => 'Chair'],
];

$sorted = array_values(Arr::sortDesc($array, function ($value) {
    return $value['name'];
}));

/*
    [
        ['name' => 'Table'],
        ['name' => 'Desk'],
        ['name' => 'Chair'],
    ]
*/

Arr::sortRecursive()

The Arr::sortRecursive method recursively sorts an array using the sort function for numerically indexed sub-arrays and the ksort function for associative sub-arrays:

use Illuminate\Support\Arr;

$array = [
    ['Roman', 'Taylor', 'Li'],
    ['PHP', 'Ruby', 'JavaScript'],
    ['one' => 1, 'two' => 2, 'three' => 3],
];

$sorted = Arr::sortRecursive($array);

/*
    [
        ['JavaScript', 'PHP', 'Ruby'],
        ['one' => 1, 'three' => 3, 'two' => 2],
        ['Li', 'Roman', 'Taylor'],
    ]
*/

Arr::toCssClasses()

The Arr::toCssClasses conditionally compiles a CSS class string. The method accepts an array of classes where the array key contains the class or classes you wish to add, while the value is a boolean expression. If the array element has a numeric key, it will always be included in the rendered class list:

use Illuminate\Support\Arr;

$isActive = false;
$hasError = true;

$array = ['p-4', 'font-bold' => $isActive, 'bg-red' => $hasError];

$classes = Arr::toCssClasses($array);

/*
    'p-4 bg-red'
*/

This method powers Laravel's functionality allowing merging classes with a Blade component's attribute bag as well as the @class Blade directive.

Arr::undot()

The Arr::undot method expands a single-dimensional array that uses "dot" notation into a multi-dimensional array:

use Illuminate\Support\Arr;

$array = [
    'user.name' => 'Kevin Malone',
    'user.occupation' => 'Accountant',
];

$array = Arr::undot($array);

// ['user' => ['name' => 'Kevin Malone', 'occupation' => 'Accountant']]

Arr::where()

The Arr::where method filters an array using the given closure:

use Illuminate\Support\Arr;

$array = [100, '200', 300, '400', 500];

$filtered = Arr::where($array, function ($value, $key) {
    return is_string($value);
});

// [1 => '200', 3 => '400']

Arr::whereNotNull()

The Arr::whereNotNull method removes all null values from the given array:

use Illuminate\Support\Arr;

$array = [0, null];

$filtered = Arr::whereNotNull($array);

// [0 => 0]

Arr::wrap()

The Arr::wrap method wraps the given value in an array. If the given value is already an array it will be returned without modification:

use Illuminate\Support\Arr;

$string = 'Laravel';

$array = Arr::wrap($string);

// ['Laravel']

If the given value is null, an empty array will be returned:

use Illuminate\Support\Arr;

$array = Arr::wrap(null);

// []

data_fill()

The data_fill function sets a missing value within a nested array or object using "dot" notation:

$data = ['products' => ['desk' => ['price' => 100]]];

data_fill($data, 'products.desk.price', 200);

// ['products' => ['desk' => ['price' => 100]]]

data_fill($data, 'products.desk.discount', 10);

// ['products' => ['desk' => ['price' => 100, 'discount' => 10]]]

This function also accepts asterisks as wildcards and will fill the target accordingly:

$data = [
    'products' => [
        ['name' => 'Desk 1', 'price' => 100],
        ['name' => 'Desk 2'],
    ],
];

data_fill($data, 'products.*.price', 200);

/*
    [
        'products' => [
            ['name' => 'Desk 1', 'price' => 100],
            ['name' => 'Desk 2', 'price' => 200],
        ],
    ]
*/

data_get()

The data_get function retrieves a value from a nested array or object using "dot" notation:

$data = ['products' => ['desk' => ['price' => 100]]];

$price = data_get($data, 'products.desk.price');

// 100

The data_get function also accepts a default value, which will be returned if the specified key is not found:

$discount = data_get($data, 'products.desk.discount', 0);

// 0

The function also accepts wildcards using asterisks, which may target any key of the array or object:

$data = [
    'product-one' => ['name' => 'Desk 1', 'price' => 100],
    'product-two' => ['name' => 'Desk 2', 'price' => 150],
];

data_get($data, '*.name');

// ['Desk 1', 'Desk 2'];

data_set()

The data_set function sets a value within a nested array or object using "dot" notation:

$data = ['products' => ['desk' => ['price' => 100]]];

data_set($data, 'products.desk.price', 200);

// ['products' => ['desk' => ['price' => 200]]]

This function also accepts wildcards using asterisks and will set values on the target accordingly:

$data = [
    'products' => [
        ['name' => 'Desk 1', 'price' => 100],
        ['name' => 'Desk 2', 'price' => 150],
    ],
];

data_set($data, 'products.*.price', 200);

/*
    [
        'products' => [
            ['name' => 'Desk 1', 'price' => 200],
            ['name' => 'Desk 2', 'price' => 200],
        ],
    ]
*/

By default, any existing values are overwritten. If you wish to only set a value if it doesn't exist, you may pass false as the fourth argument to the function:

$data = ['products' => ['desk' => ['price' => 100]]];

data_set($data, 'products.desk.price', 200, overwrite: false);

// ['products' => ['desk' => ['price' => 100]]]

head()

The head function returns the first element in the given array:

$array = [100, 200, 300];

$first = head($array);

// 100

last()

The last function returns the last element in the given array:

$array = [100, 200, 300];

$last = last($array);

// 300

Paths

app_path()

The app_path function returns the fully qualified path to your application's app directory. You may also use the app_path function to generate a fully qualified path to a file relative to the application directory:

$path = app_path();

$path = app_path('Http/Controllers/Controller.php');

base_path()

The base_path function returns the fully qualified path to your application's root directory. You may also use the base_path function to generate a fully qualified path to a given file relative to the project root directory:

$path = base_path();

$path = base_path('vendor/bin');

config_path()

The config_path function returns the fully qualified path to your application's config directory. You may also use the config_path function to generate a fully qualified path to a given file within the application's configuration directory:

$path = config_path();

$path = config_path('app.php');

database_path()

The database_path function returns the fully qualified path to your application's database directory. You may also use the database_path function to generate a fully qualified path to a given file within the database directory:

$path = database_path();

$path = database_path('factories/UserFactory.php');

lang_path()

The lang_path function returns the fully qualified path to your application's lang directory. You may also use the lang_path function to generate a fully qualified path to a given file within the directory:

$path = lang_path();

$path = lang_path('en/messages.php');

mix()

The mix function returns the path to a versioned Mix file:

$path = mix('css/app.css');

public_path()

The public_path function returns the fully qualified path to your application's public directory. You may also use the public_path function to generate a fully qualified path to a given file within the public directory:

$path = public_path();

$path = public_path('css/app.css');

resource_path()

The resource_path function returns the fully qualified path to your application's resources directory. You may also use the resource_path function to generate a fully qualified path to a given file within the resources directory:

$path = resource_path();

$path = resource_path('sass/app.scss');

storage_path()

The storage_path function returns the fully qualified path to your application's storage directory. You may also use the storage_path function to generate a fully qualified path to a given file within the storage directory:

$path = storage_path();

$path = storage_path('app/file.txt');

Strings

__()

The __ function translates the given translation string or translation key using your localization files:

echo __('Welcome to our application');

echo __('messages.welcome');

If the specified translation string or key does not exist, the __ function will return the given value. So, using the example above, the __ function would return messages.welcome if that translation key does not exist.

class_basename()

The class_basename function returns the class name of the given class with the class's namespace removed:

$class = class_basename('Foo\Bar\Baz');

// Baz

e()

The e function runs PHP's htmlspecialchars function with the double_encode option set to true by default:

echo e('<html>foo</html>');

// &lt;html&gt;foo&lt;/html&gt;

preg_replace_array()

The preg_replace_array function replaces a given pattern in the string sequentially using an array:

$string = 'The event will take place between :start and :end';

$replaced = preg_replace_array('/:[a-z_]+/', ['8:30', '9:00'], $string);

// The event will take place between 8:30 and 9:00

Str::after()

The Str::after method returns everything after the given value in a string. The entire string will be returned if the value does not exist within the string:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$slice = Str::after('This is my name', 'This is');

// ' my name'

Str::afterLast()

The Str::afterLast method returns everything after the last occurrence of the given value in a string. The entire string will be returned if the value does not exist within the string:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$slice = Str::afterLast('App\Http\Controllers\Controller', '\\');

// 'Controller'

Str::ascii()

The Str::ascii method will attempt to transliterate the string into an ASCII value:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$slice = Str::ascii('û');

// 'u'

Str::before()

The Str::before method returns everything before the given value in a string:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$slice = Str::before('This is my name', 'my name');

// 'This is '

Str::beforeLast()

The Str::beforeLast method returns everything before the last occurrence of the given value in a string:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$slice = Str::beforeLast('This is my name', 'is');

// 'This '

Str::between()

The Str::between method returns the portion of a string between two values:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$slice = Str::between('This is my name', 'This', 'name');

// ' is my '

Str::betweenFirst()

The Str::betweenFirst method returns the smallest possible portion of a string between two values:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$slice = Str::betweenFirst('[a] bc [d]', '[', ']');

// 'a'

Str::camel()

The Str::camel method converts the given string to camelCase:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$converted = Str::camel('foo_bar');

// fooBar

Str::contains()

The Str::contains method determines if the given string contains the given value. This method is case sensitive:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$contains = Str::contains('This is my name', 'my');

// true

You may also pass an array of values to determine if the given string contains any of the values in the array:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$contains = Str::contains('This is my name', ['my', 'foo']);

// true

Str::containsAll()

The Str::containsAll method determines if the given string contains all of the values in a given array:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$containsAll = Str::containsAll('This is my name', ['my', 'name']);

// true

Str::endsWith()

The Str::endsWith method determines if the given string ends with the given value:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$result = Str::endsWith('This is my name', 'name');

// true

You may also pass an array of values to determine if the given string ends with any of the values in the array:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$result = Str::endsWith('This is my name', ['name', 'foo']);

// true

$result = Str::endsWith('This is my name', ['this', 'foo']);

// false

Str::excerpt()

The Str::excerpt method extracts an excerpt from a given string that matches the first instance of a phrase within that string:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$excerpt = Str::excerpt('This is my name', 'my', [
    'radius' => 3
]);

// '...is my na...'

The radius option, which defaults to 100, allows you to define the number of characters that should appear on each side of the truncated string.

In addition, you may use the omission option to define the string that will be prepended and appended to the truncated string:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$excerpt = Str::excerpt('This is my name', 'name', [
    'radius' => 3,
    'omission' => '(...) '
]);

// '(...) my name'

Str::finish()

The Str::finish method adds a single instance of the given value to a string if it does not already end with that value:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$adjusted = Str::finish('this/string', '/');

// this/string/

$adjusted = Str::finish('this/string/', '/');

// this/string/

Str::headline()

The Str::headline method will convert strings delimited by casing, hyphens, or underscores into a space delimited string with each word's first letter capitalized:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$headline = Str::headline('steve_jobs');

// Steve Jobs

$headline = Str::headline('EmailNotificationSent');

// Email Notification Sent

Str::inlineMarkdown()

The Str::inlineMarkdown method converts GitHub flavored Markdown into inline HTML using CommonMark. However, unlike the markdown method, it does not wrap all generated HTML in a block-level element:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$html = Str::inlineMarkdown('**Laravel**');

// <strong>Laravel</strong>

Str::is()

The Str::is method determines if a given string matches a given pattern. Asterisks may be used as wildcard values:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$matches = Str::is('foo*', 'foobar');

// true

$matches = Str::is('baz*', 'foobar');

// false

Str::isAscii()

The Str::isAscii method determines if a given string is 7 bit ASCII:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$isAscii = Str::isAscii('Taylor');

// true

$isAscii = Str::isAscii('ü');

// false

Str::isJson()

The Str::isJson method determines if the given string is valid JSON:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$result = Str::isJson('[1,2,3]');

// true

$result = Str::isJson('{"first": "John", "last": "Doe"}');

// true

$result = Str::isJson('{first: "John", last: "Doe"}');

// false

Str::isUlid()

The Str::isUlid method determines if the given string is a valid ULID:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$isUlid = Str::isUlid('01gd6r360bp37zj17nxb55yv40');

// true

$isUlid = Str::isUlid('laravel');

// false

Str::isUuid()

The Str::isUuid method determines if the given string is a valid UUID:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$isUuid = Str::isUuid('a0a2a2d2-0b87-4a18-83f2-2529882be2de');

// true

$isUuid = Str::isUuid('laravel');

// false

Str::kebab()

The Str::kebab method converts the given string to kebab-case:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$converted = Str::kebab('fooBar');

// foo-bar

Str::lcfirst()

The Str::lcfirst method returns the given string with the first character lowercased:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$string = Str::lcfirst('Foo Bar');

// foo Bar

Str::length()

The Str::length method returns the length of the given string:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$length = Str::length('Laravel');

// 7

Str::limit()

The Str::limit method truncates the given string to the specified length:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$truncated = Str::limit('The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog', 20);

// The quick brown fox...

You may pass a third argument to the method to change the string that will be appended to the end of the truncated string:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$truncated = Str::limit('The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog', 20, ' (...)');

// The quick brown fox (...)

Str::lower()

The Str::lower method converts the given string to lowercase:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$converted = Str::lower('LARAVEL');

// laravel

Str::markdown()

The Str::markdown method converts GitHub flavored Markdown into HTML using CommonMark:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$html = Str::markdown('# Laravel');

// <h1>Laravel</h1>

$html = Str::markdown('# Taylor <b>Otwell</b>', [
    'html_input' => 'strip',
]);

// <h1>Taylor Otwell</h1>

Str::mask()

The Str::mask method masks a portion of a string with a repeated character, and may be used to obfuscate segments of strings such as email addresses and phone numbers:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$string = Str::mask('taylor@example.com', '*', 3);

// tay***************

If needed, you provide a negative number as the third argument to the mask method, which will instruct the method to begin masking at the given distance from the end of the string:

$string = Str::mask('taylor@example.com', '*', -15, 3);

// tay***@example.com

Str::orderedUuid()

The Str::orderedUuid method generates a "timestamp first" UUID that may be efficiently stored in an indexed database column. Each UUID that is generated using this method will be sorted after UUIDs previously generated using the method:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

return (string) Str::orderedUuid();

Str::padBoth()

The Str::padBoth method wraps PHP's str_pad function, padding both sides of a string with another string until the final string reaches a desired length:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$padded = Str::padBoth('James', 10, '_');

// '__James___'

$padded = Str::padBoth('James', 10);

// '  James   '

Str::padLeft()

The Str::padLeft method wraps PHP's str_pad function, padding the left side of a string with another string until the final string reaches a desired length:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$padded = Str::padLeft('James', 10, '-=');

// '-=-=-James'

$padded = Str::padLeft('James', 10);

// '     James'

Str::padRight()

The Str::padRight method wraps PHP's str_pad function, padding the right side of a string with another string until the final string reaches a desired length:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$padded = Str::padRight('James', 10, '-');

// 'James-----'

$padded = Str::padRight('James', 10);

// 'James     '

Str::plural()

The Str::plural method converts a singular word string to its plural form. This function supports any of the languages support by Laravel's pluralizer:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$plural = Str::plural('car');

// cars

$plural = Str::plural('child');

// children

You may provide an integer as a second argument to the function to retrieve the singular or plural form of the string:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$plural = Str::plural('child', 2);

// children

$singular = Str::plural('child', 1);

// child

Str::pluralStudly()

The Str::pluralStudly method converts a singular word string formatted in studly caps case to its plural form. This function supports any of the languages support by Laravel's pluralizer:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$plural = Str::pluralStudly('VerifiedHuman');

// VerifiedHumans

$plural = Str::pluralStudly('UserFeedback');

// UserFeedback

You may provide an integer as a second argument to the function to retrieve the singular or plural form of the string:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$plural = Str::pluralStudly('VerifiedHuman', 2);

// VerifiedHumans

$singular = Str::pluralStudly('VerifiedHuman', 1);

// VerifiedHuman

Str::random()

The Str::random method generates a random string of the specified length. This function uses PHP's random_bytes function:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$random = Str::random(40);

Str::remove()

The Str::remove method removes the given value or array of values from the string:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$string = 'Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers.';

$removed = Str::remove('e', $string);

// Ptr Pipr pickd a pck of pickld ppprs.

You may also pass false as a third argument to the remove method to ignore case when removing strings.

Str::replace()

The Str::replace method replaces a given string within the string:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$string = 'Laravel 8.x';

$replaced = Str::replace('8.x', '9.x', $string);

// Laravel 9.x

Str::replaceArray()

The Str::replaceArray method replaces a given value in the string sequentially using an array:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$string = 'The event will take place between ? and ?';

$replaced = Str::replaceArray('?', ['8:30', '9:00'], $string);

// The event will take place between 8:30 and 9:00

Str::replaceFirst()

The Str::replaceFirst method replaces the first occurrence of a given value in a string:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$replaced = Str::replaceFirst('the', 'a', 'the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog');

// a quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog

Str::replaceLast()

The Str::replaceLast method replaces the last occurrence of a given value in a string:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$replaced = Str::replaceLast('the', 'a', 'the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog');

// the quick brown fox jumps over a lazy dog

Str::reverse()

The Str::reverse method reverses the given string:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$reversed = Str::reverse('Hello World');

// dlroW olleH

Str::singular()

The Str::singular method converts a string to its singular form. This function supports any of the languages support by Laravel's pluralizer:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$singular = Str::singular('cars');

// car

$singular = Str::singular('children');

// child

Str::slug()

The Str::slug method generates a URL friendly "slug" from the given string:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$slug = Str::slug('Laravel 5 Framework', '-');

// laravel-5-framework

Str::snake()

The Str::snake method converts the given string to snake_case:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$converted = Str::snake('fooBar');

// foo_bar

$converted = Str::snake('fooBar', '-');

// foo-bar

Str::squish()

The Str::squish method removes all extraneous white space from a string, including extraneous white space between words:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$string = Str::squish('    laravel    framework    ');

// laravel framework

Str::start()

The Str::start method adds a single instance of the given value to a string if it does not already start with that value:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$adjusted = Str::start('this/string', '/');

// /this/string

$adjusted = Str::start('/this/string', '/');

// /this/string

Str::startsWith()

The Str::startsWith method determines if the given string begins with the given value:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$result = Str::startsWith('This is my name', 'This');

// true

If an array of possible values is passed, the startsWith method will return true if the string begins with any of the given values:

$result = Str::startsWith('This is my name', ['This', 'That', 'There']);

// true

Str::studly()

The Str::studly method converts the given string to StudlyCase:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$converted = Str::studly('foo_bar');

// FooBar

Str::substr()

The Str::substr method returns the portion of string specified by the start and length parameters:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$converted = Str::substr('The Laravel Framework', 4, 7);

// Laravel

Str::substrCount()

The Str::substrCount method returns the number of occurrences of a given value in the given string:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$count = Str::substrCount('If you like ice cream, you will like snow cones.', 'like');

// 2

Str::substrReplace()

The Str::substrReplace method replaces text within a portion of a string, starting at the position specified by the third argument and replacing the number of characters specified by the fourth argument. Passing 0 to the method's fourth argument will insert the string at the specified position without replacing any of the existing characters in the string:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$result = Str::substrReplace('1300', ':', 2);
// 13:

$result = Str::substrReplace('1300', ':', 2, 0);
// 13:00

Str::swap()

The Str::swap method replaces multiple values in the given string using PHP's strtr function:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$string = Str::swap([
    'Tacos' => 'Burritos',
    'great' => 'fantastic',
], 'Tacos are great!');

// Burritos are fantastic!

Str::title()

The Str::title method converts the given string to Title Case:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$converted = Str::title('a nice title uses the correct case');

// A Nice Title Uses The Correct Case

Str::toHtmlString()

The Str::toHtmlString method converts the string instance to an instance of Illuminate\Support\HtmlString, which may be displayed in Blade templates:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$htmlString = Str::of('Nuno Maduro')->toHtmlString();

Str::ucfirst()

The Str::ucfirst method returns the given string with the first character capitalized:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$string = Str::ucfirst('foo bar');

// Foo bar

Str::ucsplit()

The Str::ucsplit method splits the given string into an array by uppercase characters:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$segments = Str::ucsplit('FooBar');

// [0 => 'Foo', 1 => 'Bar']

Str::upper()

The Str::upper method converts the given string to uppercase:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$string = Str::upper('laravel');

// LARAVEL

Str::ulid()

The Str::ulid method generates a ULID:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

return (string) Str::ulid();

// 01gd6r360bp37zj17nxb55yv40

Str::uuid()

The Str::uuid method generates a UUID (version 4):

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

return (string) Str::uuid();

Str::wordCount()

The Str::wordCount method returns the number of words that a string contains:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

Str::wordCount('Hello, world!'); // 2

Str::words()

The Str::words method limits the number of words in a string. An additional string may be passed to this method via its third argument to specify which string should be appended to the end of the truncated string:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

return Str::words('Perfectly balanced, as all things should be.', 3, ' >>>');

// Perfectly balanced, as >>>

str()

The str function returns a new Illuminate\Support\Stringable instance of the given string. This function is equivalent to the Str::of method:

$string = str('Taylor')->append(' Otwell');

// 'Taylor Otwell'

If no argument is provided to the str function, the function returns an instance of Illuminate\Support\Str:

$snake = str()->snake('FooBar');

// 'foo_bar'

trans()

The trans function translates the given translation key using your localization files:

echo trans('messages.welcome');

If the specified translation key does not exist, the trans function will return the given key. So, using the example above, the trans function would return messages.welcome if the translation key does not exist.

trans_choice()

The trans_choice function translates the given translation key with inflection:

echo trans_choice('messages.notifications', $unreadCount);

If the specified translation key does not exist, the trans_choice function will return the given key. So, using the example above, the trans_choice function would return messages.notifications if the translation key does not exist.

Fluent Strings

Fluent strings provide a more fluent, object-oriented interface for working with string values, allowing you to chain multiple string operations together using a more readable syntax compared to traditional string operations.

after

The after method returns everything after the given value in a string. The entire string will be returned if the value does not exist within the string:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$slice = Str::of('This is my name')->after('This is');

// ' my name'

afterLast

The afterLast method returns everything after the last occurrence of the given value in a string. The entire string will be returned if the value does not exist within the string:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$slice = Str::of('App\Http\Controllers\Controller')->afterLast('\\');

// 'Controller'

append

The append method appends the given values to the string:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$string = Str::of('Taylor')->append(' Otwell');

// 'Taylor Otwell'

ascii

The ascii method will attempt to transliterate the string into an ASCII value:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$string = Str::of('ü')->ascii();

// 'u'

basename

The basename method will return the trailing name component of the given string:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$string = Str::of('/foo/bar/baz')->basename();

// 'baz'

If needed, you may provide an "extension" that will be removed from the trailing component:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$string = Str::of('/foo/bar/baz.jpg')->basename('.jpg');

// 'baz'

before

The before method returns everything before the given value in a string:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$slice = Str::of('This is my name')->before('my name');

// 'This is '

beforeLast

The beforeLast method returns everything before the last occurrence of the given value in a string:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$slice = Str::of('This is my name')->beforeLast('is');

// 'This '

between

The between method returns the portion of a string between two values:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$converted = Str::of('This is my name')->between('This', 'name');

// ' is my '

betweenFirst

The betweenFirst method returns the smallest possible portion of a string between two values:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$converted = Str::of('[a] bc [d]')->betweenFirst('[', ']');

// 'a'

camel

The camel method converts the given string to camelCase:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$converted = Str::of('foo_bar')->camel();

// fooBar

classBasename

The classBasename method returns the class name of the given class with the class's namespace removed:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$class = Str::of('Foo\Bar\Baz')->classBasename();

// Baz

contains

The contains method determines if the given string contains the given value. This method is case sensitive:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$contains = Str::of('This is my name')->contains('my');

// true

You may also pass an array of values to determine if the given string contains any of the values in the array:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$contains = Str::of('This is my name')->contains(['my', 'foo']);

// true

containsAll

The containsAll method determines if the given string contains all of the values in the given array:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$containsAll = Str::of('This is my name')->containsAll(['my', 'name']);

// true

dirname

The dirname method returns the parent directory portion of the given string:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$string = Str::of('/foo/bar/baz')->dirname();

// '/foo/bar'

If necessary, you may specify how many directory levels you wish to trim from the string:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$string = Str::of('/foo/bar/baz')->dirname(2);

// '/foo'

excerpt

The excerpt method extracts an excerpt from the string that matches the first instance of a phrase within that string:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$excerpt = Str::of('This is my name')->excerpt('my', [
    'radius' => 3
]);

// '...is my na...'

The radius option, which defaults to 100, allows you to define the number of characters that should appear on each side of the truncated string.

In addition, you may use the omission option to change the string that will be prepended and appended to the truncated string:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$excerpt = Str::of('This is my name')->excerpt('name', [
    'radius' => 3,
    'omission' => '(...) '
]);

// '(...) my name'

endsWith

The endsWith method determines if the given string ends with the given value:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$result = Str::of('This is my name')->endsWith('name');

// true

You may also pass an array of values to determine if the given string ends with any of the values in the array:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$result = Str::of('This is my name')->endsWith(['name', 'foo']);

// true

$result = Str::of('This is my name')->endsWith(['this', 'foo']);

// false

exactly

The exactly method determines if the given string is an exact match with another string:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$result = Str::of('Laravel')->exactly('Laravel');

// true

explode

The explode method splits the string by the given delimiter and returns a collection containing each section of the split string:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$collection = Str::of('foo bar baz')->explode(' ');

// collect(['foo', 'bar', 'baz'])

finish

The finish method adds a single instance of the given value to a string if it does not already end with that value:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$adjusted = Str::of('this/string')->finish('/');

// this/string/

$adjusted = Str::of('this/string/')->finish('/');

// this/string/

headline

The headline method will convert strings delimited by casing, hyphens, or underscores into a space delimited string with each word's first letter capitalized:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$headline = Str::of('taylor_otwell')->headline();

// Taylor Otwell

$headline = Str::of('EmailNotificationSent')->headline();

// Email Notification Sent

inlineMarkdown

The inlineMarkdown method converts GitHub flavored Markdown into inline HTML using CommonMark. However, unlike the markdown method, it does not wrap all generated HTML in a block-level element:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$html = Str::of('**Laravel**')->inlineMarkdown();

// <strong>Laravel</strong>

is

The is method determines if a given string matches a given pattern. Asterisks may be used as wildcard values

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$matches = Str::of('foobar')->is('foo*');

// true

$matches = Str::of('foobar')->is('baz*');

// false

isAscii

The isAscii method determines if a given string is an ASCII string:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$result = Str::of('Taylor')->isAscii();

// true

$result = Str::of('ü')->isAscii();

// false

isEmpty

The isEmpty method determines if the given string is empty:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$result = Str::of('  ')->trim()->isEmpty();

// true

$result = Str::of('Laravel')->trim()->isEmpty();

// false

isNotEmpty

The isNotEmpty method determines if the given string is not empty:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$result = Str::of('  ')->trim()->isNotEmpty();

// false

$result = Str::of('Laravel')->trim()->isNotEmpty();

// true

isJson

The isJson method determines if a given string is valid JSON:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$result = Str::of('[1,2,3]')->isJson();

// true

$result = Str::of('{"first": "John", "last": "Doe"}')->isJson();

// true

$result = Str::of('{first: "John", last: "Doe"}')->isJson();

// false

isUlid

The isUlid method determines if a given string is a ULID:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$result = Str::of('01gd6r360bp37zj17nxb55yv40')->isUlid();

// true

$result = Str::of('Taylor')->isUlid();

// false

isUuid

The isUuid method determines if a given string is a UUID:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$result = Str::of('5ace9ab9-e9cf-4ec6-a19d-5881212a452c')->isUuid();

// true

$result = Str::of('Taylor')->isUuid();

// false

kebab

The kebab method converts the given string to kebab-case:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$converted = Str::of('fooBar')->kebab();

// foo-bar

lcfirst

The lcfirst method returns the given string with the first character lowercased:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$string = Str::of('Foo Bar')->lcfirst();

// foo Bar

length

The length method returns the length of the given string:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$length = Str::of('Laravel')->length();

// 7

limit

The limit method truncates the given string to the specified length:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$truncated = Str::of('The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog')->limit(20);

// The quick brown fox...

You may also pass a second argument to change the string that will be appended to the end of the truncated string:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$truncated = Str::of('The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog')->limit(20, ' (...)');

// The quick brown fox (...)

lower

The lower method converts the given string to lowercase:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$result = Str::of('LARAVEL')->lower();

// 'laravel'

ltrim

The ltrim method trims the left side of the string:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$string = Str::of('  Laravel  ')->ltrim();

// 'Laravel  '

$string = Str::of('/Laravel/')->ltrim('/');

// 'Laravel/'

markdown

The markdown method converts GitHub flavored Markdown into HTML:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$html = Str::of('# Laravel')->markdown();

// <h1>Laravel</h1>

$html = Str::of('# Taylor <b>Otwell</b>')->markdown([
    'html_input' => 'strip',
]);

// <h1>Taylor Otwell</h1>

mask

The mask method masks a portion of a string with a repeated character, and may be used to obfuscate segments of strings such as email addresses and phone numbers:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$string = Str::of('taylor@example.com')->mask('*', 3);

// tay***************

If needed, you may provide negative numbers as the third or fourth argument to the mask method, which will instruct the method to begin masking at the given distance from the end of the string:

$string = Str::of('taylor@example.com')->mask('*', -15, 3);

// tay***@example.com

$string = Str::of('taylor@example.com')->mask('*', 4, -4);

// tayl**********.com

match

The match method will return the portion of a string that matches a given regular expression pattern:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$result = Str::of('foo bar')->match('/bar/');

// 'bar'

$result = Str::of('foo bar')->match('/foo (.*)/');

// 'bar'

matchAll

The matchAll method will return a collection containing the portions of a string that match a given regular expression pattern:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$result = Str::of('bar foo bar')->matchAll('/bar/');

// collect(['bar', 'bar'])

If you specify a matching group within the expression, Laravel will return a collection of that group's matches:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$result = Str::of('bar fun bar fly')->matchAll('/f(\w*)/');

// collect(['un', 'ly']);

If no matches are found, an empty collection will be returned.

newLine

The newLine method appends an "end of line" character to a string:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$padded = Str::of('Laravel')->newLine()->append('Framework');

// 'Laravel
//  Framework'

padBoth

The padBoth method wraps PHP's str_pad function, padding both sides of a string with another string until the final string reaches the desired length:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$padded = Str::of('James')->padBoth(10, '_');

// '__James___'

$padded = Str::of('James')->padBoth(10);

// '  James   '

padLeft

The padLeft method wraps PHP's str_pad function, padding the left side of a string with another string until the final string reaches the desired length:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$padded = Str::of('James')->padLeft(10, '-=');

// '-=-=-James'

$padded = Str::of('James')->padLeft(10);

// '     James'

padRight

The padRight method wraps PHP's str_pad function, padding the right side of a string with another string until the final string reaches the desired length:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$padded = Str::of('James')->padRight(10, '-');

// 'James-----'

$padded = Str::of('James')->padRight(10);

// 'James     '

pipe

The pipe method allows you to transform the string by passing its current value to the given callable:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$hash = Str::of('Laravel')->pipe('md5')->prepend('Checksum: ');

// 'Checksum: a5c95b86291ea299fcbe64458ed12702'

$closure = Str::of('foo')->pipe(function ($str) {
    return 'bar';
});

// 'bar'

plural

The plural method converts a singular word string to its plural form. This function supports any of the languages support by Laravel's pluralizer:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$plural = Str::of('car')->plural();

// cars

$plural = Str::of('child')->plural();

// children

You may provide an integer as a second argument to the function to retrieve the singular or plural form of the string:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$plural = Str::of('child')->plural(2);

// children

$plural = Str::of('child')->plural(1);

// child

prepend

The prepend method prepends the given values onto the string:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$string = Str::of('Framework')->prepend('Laravel ');

// Laravel Framework

remove

The remove method removes the given value or array of values from the string:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$string = Str::of('Arkansas is quite beautiful!')->remove('quite');

// Arkansas is beautiful!

You may also pass false as a second parameter to ignore case when removing strings.

replace

The replace method replaces a given string within the string:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$replaced = Str::of('Laravel 6.x')->replace('6.x', '7.x');

// Laravel 7.x

replaceArray

The replaceArray method replaces a given value in the string sequentially using an array:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$string = 'The event will take place between ? and ?';

$replaced = Str::of($string)->replaceArray('?', ['8:30', '9:00']);

// The event will take place between 8:30 and 9:00

replaceFirst

The replaceFirst method replaces the first occurrence of a given value in a string:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$replaced = Str::of('the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog')->replaceFirst('the', 'a');

// a quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog

replaceLast

The replaceLast method replaces the last occurrence of a given value in a string:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$replaced = Str::of('the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog')->replaceLast('the', 'a');

// the quick brown fox jumps over a lazy dog

replaceMatches

The replaceMatches method replaces all portions of a string matching a pattern with the given replacement string:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$replaced = Str::of('(+1) 501-555-1000')->replaceMatches('/[^A-Za-z0-9]++/', '')

// '15015551000'

The replaceMatches method also accepts a closure that will be invoked with each portion of the string matching the given pattern, allowing you to perform the replacement logic within the closure and return the replaced value:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$replaced = Str::of('123')->replaceMatches('/\d/', function ($match) {
    return '['.$match[0].']';
});

// '[1][2][3]'

rtrim

The rtrim method trims the right side of the given string:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$string = Str::of('  Laravel  ')->rtrim();

// '  Laravel'

$string = Str::of('/Laravel/')->rtrim('/');

// '/Laravel'

scan

The scan method parses input from a string into a collection according to a format supported by the sscanf PHP function:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$collection = Str::of('filename.jpg')->scan('%[^.].%s');

// collect(['filename', 'jpg'])

singular

The singular method converts a string to its singular form. This function supports any of the languages support by Laravel's pluralizer:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$singular = Str::of('cars')->singular();

// car

$singular = Str::of('children')->singular();

// child

slug

The slug method generates a URL friendly "slug" from the given string:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$slug = Str::of('Laravel Framework')->slug('-');

// laravel-framework

snake

The snake method converts the given string to snake_case:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$converted = Str::of('fooBar')->snake();

// foo_bar

split

The split method splits a string into a collection using a regular expression:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$segments = Str::of('one, two, three')->split('/[\s,]+/');

// collect(["one", "two", "three"])

squish

The squish method removes all extraneous white space from a string, including extraneous white space between words:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$string = Str::of('    laravel    framework    ')->squish();

// laravel framework

start

The start method adds a single instance of the given value to a string if it does not already start with that value:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$adjusted = Str::of('this/string')->start('/');

// /this/string

$adjusted = Str::of('/this/string')->start('/');

// /this/string

startsWith

The startsWith method determines if the given string begins with the given value:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$result = Str::of('This is my name')->startsWith('This');

// true

studly

The studly method converts the given string to StudlyCase:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$converted = Str::of('foo_bar')->studly();

// FooBar

substr

The substr method returns the portion of the string specified by the given start and length parameters:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$string = Str::of('Laravel Framework')->substr(8);

// Framework

$string = Str::of('Laravel Framework')->substr(8, 5);

// Frame

substrReplace

The substrReplace method replaces text within a portion of a string, starting at the position specified by the second argument and replacing the number of characters specified by the third argument. Passing 0 to the method's third argument will insert the string at the specified position without replacing any of the existing characters in the string:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$string = Str::of('1300')->substrReplace(':', 2);

// 13:

$string = Str::of('The Framework')->substrReplace(' Laravel', 3, 0);

// The Laravel Framework

swap

The swap method replaces multiple values in the string using PHP's strtr function:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$string = Str::of('Tacos are great!')
    ->swap([
        'Tacos' => 'Burritos',
        'great' => 'fantastic',
    ]);

// Burritos are fantastic!

tap

The tap method passes the string to the given closure, allowing you to examine and interact with the string while not affecting the string itself. The original string is returned by the tap method regardless of what is returned by the closure:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$string = Str::of('Laravel')
    ->append(' Framework')
    ->tap(function ($string) {
        dump('String after append: '.$string);
    })
    ->upper();

// LARAVEL FRAMEWORK

test

The test method determines if a string matches the given regular expression pattern:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$result = Str::of('Laravel Framework')->test('/Laravel/');

// true

title

The title method converts the given string to Title Case:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$converted = Str::of('a nice title uses the correct case')->title();

// A Nice Title Uses The Correct Case

trim

The trim method trims the given string:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$string = Str::of('  Laravel  ')->trim();

// 'Laravel'

$string = Str::of('/Laravel/')->trim('/');

// 'Laravel'

ucfirst

The ucfirst method returns the given string with the first character capitalized:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$string = Str::of('foo bar')->ucfirst();

// Foo bar

ucsplit

The ucsplit method splits the given string into a collection by uppercase characters:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$string = Str::of('Foo Bar')->ucsplit();

// collect(['Foo', 'Bar'])

upper

The upper method converts the given string to uppercase:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$adjusted = Str::of('laravel')->upper();

// LARAVEL

when

The when method invokes the given closure if a given condition is true. The closure will receive the fluent string instance:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$string = Str::of('Taylor')
                ->when(true, function ($string) {
                    return $string->append(' Otwell');
                });

// 'Taylor Otwell'

If necessary, you may pass another closure as the third parameter to the when method. This closure will execute if the condition parameter evaluates to false.

whenContains

The whenContains method invokes the given closure if the string contains the given value. The closure will receive the fluent string instance:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$string = Str::of('tony stark')
            ->whenContains('tony', function ($string) {
                return $string->title();
            });

// 'Tony Stark'

If necessary, you may pass another closure as the third parameter to the when method. This closure will execute if the string does not contain the given value.

You may also pass an array of values to determine if the given string contains any of the values in the array:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$string = Str::of('tony stark')
            ->whenContains(['tony', 'hulk'], function ($string) {
                return $string->title();
            });

// Tony Stark

whenContainsAll

The whenContainsAll method invokes the given closure if the string contains all of the given sub-strings. The closure will receive the fluent string instance:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$string = Str::of('tony stark')
                ->whenContainsAll(['tony', 'stark'], function ($string) {
                    return $string->title();
                });

// 'Tony Stark'

If necessary, you may pass another closure as the third parameter to the when method. This closure will execute if the condition parameter evaluates to false.

whenEmpty

The whenEmpty method invokes the given closure if the string is empty. If the closure returns a value, that value will also be returned by the whenEmpty method. If the closure does not return a value, the fluent string instance will be returned:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$string = Str::of('  ')->whenEmpty(function ($string) {
    return $string->trim()->prepend('Laravel');
});

// 'Laravel'

whenNotEmpty

The whenNotEmpty method invokes the given closure if the string is not empty. If the closure returns a value, that value will also be returned by the whenNotEmpty method. If the closure does not return a value, the fluent string instance will be returned:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$string = Str::of('Framework')->whenNotEmpty(function ($string) {
    return $string->prepend('Laravel ');
});

// 'Laravel Framework'

whenStartsWith

The whenStartsWith method invokes the given closure if the string starts with the given sub-string. The closure will receive the fluent string instance:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$string = Str::of('disney world')->whenStartsWith('disney', function ($string) {
    return $string->title();
});

// 'Disney World'

whenEndsWith

The whenEndsWith method invokes the given closure if the string ends with the given sub-string. The closure will receive the fluent string instance:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$string = Str::of('disney world')->whenEndsWith('world', function ($string) {
    return $string->title();
});

// 'Disney World'

whenExactly

The whenExactly method invokes the given closure if the string exactly matches the given string. The closure will receive the fluent string instance:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$string = Str::of('laravel')->whenExactly('laravel', function ($string) {
    return $string->title();
});

// 'Laravel'

whenNotExactly

The whenNotExactly method invokes the given closure if the string does not exactly match the given string. The closure will receive the fluent string instance:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$string = Str::of('framework')->whenNotExactly('laravel', function ($string) {
    return $string->title();
});

// 'Framework'

whenIs

The whenIs method invokes the given closure if the string matches a given pattern. Asterisks may be used as wildcard values. The closure will receive the fluent string instance:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$string = Str::of('foo/bar')->whenIs('foo/*', function ($string) {
    return $string->append('/baz');
});

// 'foo/bar/baz'

whenIsAscii

The whenIsAscii method invokes the given closure if the string is 7 bit ASCII. The closure will receive the fluent string instance:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$string = Str::of('laravel')->whenIsAscii(function ($string) {
    return $string->title();
});

// 'Laravel'

whenIsUlid

The whenIsUlid method invokes the given closure if the string is a valid ULID. The closure will receive the fluent string instance:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$string = Str::of('01gd6r360bp37zj17nxb55yv40')->whenIsUlid(function ($string) {
    return $string->substr(0, 8);
});

// '01gd6r36'

whenIsUuid

The whenIsUuid method invokes the given closure if the string is a valid UUID. The closure will receive the fluent string instance:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$string = Str::of('a0a2a2d2-0b87-4a18-83f2-2529882be2de')->whenIsUuid(function ($string) {
    return $string->substr(0, 8);
});

// 'a0a2a2d2'

whenTest

The whenTest method invokes the given closure if the string matches the given regular expression. The closure will receive the fluent string instance:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$string = Str::of('laravel framework')->whenTest('/laravel/', function ($string) {
    return $string->title();
});

// 'Laravel Framework'

wordCount

The wordCount method returns the number of words that a string contains:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

Str::of('Hello, world!')->wordCount(); // 2

words

The words method limits the number of words in a string. If necessary, you may specify an additional string that will be appended to the truncated string:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$string = Str::of('Perfectly balanced, as all things should be.')->words(3, ' >>>');

// Perfectly balanced, as >>>

URLs

action()

The action function generates a URL for the given controller action:

use App\Http\Controllers\HomeController;

$url = action([HomeController::class, 'index']);

If the method accepts route parameters, you may pass them as the second argument to the method:

$url = action([UserController::class, 'profile'], ['id' => 1]);

asset()

The asset function generates a URL for an asset using the current scheme of the request (HTTP or HTTPS):

$url = asset('img/photo.jpg');

You can configure the asset URL host by setting the ASSET_URL variable in your .env file. This can be useful if you host your assets on an external service like Amazon S3 or another CDN:

// ASSET_URL=http://example.com/assets

$url = asset('img/photo.jpg'); // http://example.com/assets/img/photo.jpg

route()

The route function generates a URL for a given named route:

$url = route('route.name');

If the route accepts parameters, you may pass them as the second argument to the function:

$url = route('route.name', ['id' => 1]);

By default, the route function generates an absolute URL. If you wish to generate a relative URL, you may pass false as the third argument to the function:

$url = route('route.name', ['id' => 1], false);

secure_asset()

The secure_asset function generates a URL for an asset using HTTPS:

$url = secure_asset('img/photo.jpg');

secure_url()

The secure_url function generates a fully qualified HTTPS URL to the given path. Additional URL segments may be passed in the function's second argument:

$url = secure_url('user/profile');

$url = secure_url('user/profile', [1]);

to_route()

The to_route function generates a redirect HTTP response for a given named route:

return to_route('users.show', ['user' => 1]);

If necessary, you may pass the HTTP status code that should be assigned to the redirect and any additional response headers as the third and fourth arguments to the to_route method:

return to_route('users.show', ['user' => 1], 302, ['X-Framework' => 'Laravel']);

url()

The url function generates a fully qualified URL to the given path:

$url = url('user/profile');

$url = url('user/profile', [1]);

If no path is provided, an Illuminate\Routing\UrlGenerator instance is returned:

$current = url()->current();

$full = url()->full();

$previous = url()->previous();

Miscellaneous

abort()

The abort function throws an HTTP exception which will be rendered by the exception handler:

abort(403);

You may also provide the exception's message and custom HTTP response headers that should be sent to the browser:

abort(403, 'Unauthorized.', $headers);

abort_if()

The abort_if function throws an HTTP exception if a given boolean expression evaluates to true:

abort_if(! Auth::user()->isAdmin(), 403);

Like the abort method, you may also provide the exception's response text as the third argument and an array of custom response headers as the fourth argument to the function.

abort_unless()

The abort_unless function throws an HTTP exception if a given boolean expression evaluates to false:

abort_unless(Auth::user()->isAdmin(), 403);

Like the abort method, you may also provide the exception's response text as the third argument and an array of custom response headers as the fourth argument to the function.

app()

The app function returns the service container instance:

$container = app();

You may pass a class or interface name to resolve it from the container:

$api = app('HelpSpot\API');

auth()

The auth function returns an authenticator instance. You may use it as an alternative to the Auth facade:

$user = auth()->user();

If needed, you may specify which guard instance you would like to access:

$user = auth('admin')->user();

back()

The back function generates a redirect HTTP response to the user's previous location:

return back($status = 302, $headers = [], $fallback = '/');

return back();

bcrypt()

The bcrypt function hashes the given value using Bcrypt. You may use this function as an alternative to the Hash facade:

$password = bcrypt('my-secret-password');

blank()

The blank function determines whether the given value is "blank":

blank('');
blank('   ');
blank(null);
blank(collect());

// true

blank(0);
blank(true);
blank(false);

// false

For the inverse of blank, see the filled method.

broadcast()

The broadcast function broadcasts the given event to its listeners:

broadcast(new UserRegistered($user));

broadcast(new UserRegistered($user))->toOthers();

cache()

The cache function may be used to get values from the cache. If the given key does not exist in the cache, an optional default value will be returned:

$value = cache('key');

$value = cache('key', 'default');

You may add items to the cache by passing an array of key / value pairs to the function. You should also pass the number of seconds or duration the cached value should be considered valid:

cache(['key' => 'value'], 300);

cache(['key' => 'value'], now()->addSeconds(10));

class_uses_recursive()

The class_uses_recursive function returns all traits used by a class, including traits used by all of its parent classes:

$traits = class_uses_recursive(App\Models\User::class);

collect()

The collect function creates a collection instance from the given value:

$collection = collect(['taylor', 'abigail']);

config()

The config function gets the value of a configuration variable. The configuration values may be accessed using "dot" syntax, which includes the name of the file and the option you wish to access. A default value may be specified and is returned if the configuration option does not exist:

$value = config('app.timezone');

$value = config('app.timezone', $default);

You may set configuration variables at runtime by passing an array of key / value pairs. However, note that this function only affects the configuration value for the current request and does not update your actual configuration values:

config(['app.debug' => true]);

cookie()

The cookie function creates a new cookie instance:

$cookie = cookie('name', 'value', $minutes);

csrf_field()

The csrf_field function generates an HTML hidden input field containing the value of the CSRF token. For example, using Blade syntax:

{{ csrf_field() }}

csrf_token()

The csrf_token function retrieves the value of the current CSRF token:

$token = csrf_token();

decrypt()

The decrypt function decrypts the given value. You may use this function as an alternative to the Crypt facade:

$password = decrypt($value);

dd()

The dd function dumps the given variables and ends execution of the script:

dd($value);

dd($value1, $value2, $value3, ...);

If you do not want to halt the execution of your script, use the dump function instead.

dispatch()

The dispatch function pushes the given job onto the Laravel job queue:

dispatch(new App\Jobs\SendEmails);

dump()

The dump function dumps the given variables:

dump($value);

dump($value1, $value2, $value3, ...);

If you want to stop executing the script after dumping the variables, use the dd function instead.

encrypt()

The encrypt function encrypts the given value. You may use this function as an alternative to the Crypt facade:

$secret = encrypt('my-secret-value');

env()

The env function retrieves the value of an environment variable or returns a default value:

$env = env('APP_ENV');

$env = env('APP_ENV', 'production');

warning Warning!
If you execute the config:cache command during your deployment process, you should be sure that you are only calling the env function from within your configuration files. Once the configuration has been cached, the .env file will not be loaded and all calls to the env function will return null.

event()

The event function dispatches the given event to its listeners:

event(new UserRegistered($user));

fake()

The fake function resolves a Faker singleton from the container, which can be useful when creating fake data in model factories, database seeding, tests, and prototyping views:

@for($i = 0; $i < 10; $i++)
    <dl>
        <dt>Name</dt>
        <dd>{{ fake()->name() }}</dd>

        <dt>Email</dt>
        <dd>{{ fake()->unique()->safeEmail() }}</dd>
    </dl>
@endfor

By default, the fake function will utilize the app.faker_locale configuration option in your config/app.php configuration file; however, you may also specify the locale by passing it to the fake function. Each locale will resolve an individual singleton:

fake('nl_NL')->name()

filled()

The filled function determines whether the given value is not "blank":

filled(0);
filled(true);
filled(false);

// true

filled('');
filled('   ');
filled(null);
filled(collect());

// false

For the inverse of filled, see the blank method.

info()

The info function will write information to your application's log:

info('Some helpful information!');

An array of contextual data may also be passed to the function:

info('User login attempt failed.', ['id' => $user->id]);

logger()

The logger function can be used to write a debug level message to the log:

logger('Debug message');

An array of contextual data may also be passed to the function:

logger('User has logged in.', ['id' => $user->id]);

A logger instance will be returned if no value is passed to the function:

logger()->error('You are not allowed here.');

method_field()

The method_field function generates an HTML hidden input field containing the spoofed value of the form's HTTP verb. For example, using Blade syntax:

<form method="POST">
    {{ method_field('DELETE') }}
</form>

now()

The now function creates a new Illuminate\Support\Carbon instance for the current time:

$now = now();

old()

The old function retrieves an old input value flashed into the session:

$value = old('value');

$value = old('value', 'default');

Since the "default value" provided as the second argument to the old function is often an attribute of an Eloquent model, Laravel allows you to simply pass the entire Eloquent model as the second argument to the old function. When doing so, Laravel will assume the first argument provided to the old function is the name of the Eloquent attribute that should be considered the "default value":

{{ old('name', $user->name) }}

// Is equivalent to...

{{ old('name', $user) }}

optional()

The optional function accepts any argument and allows you to access properties or call methods on that object. If the given object is null, properties and methods will return null instead of causing an error:

return optional($user->address)->street;

{!! old('name', optional($user)->name) !!}

The optional function also accepts a closure as its second argument. The closure will be invoked if the value provided as the first argument is not null:

return optional(User::find($id), function ($user) {
    return $user->name;
});

policy()

The policy method retrieves a policy instance for a given class:

$policy = policy(App\Models\User::class);

redirect()

The redirect function returns a redirect HTTP response, or returns the redirector instance if called with no arguments:

return redirect($to = null, $status = 302, $headers = [], $https = null);

return redirect('/home');

return redirect()->route('route.name');

report()

The report function will report an exception using your exception handler:

report($e);

The report function also accepts a string as an argument. When a string is given to the function, the function will create an exception with the given string as its message:

report('Something went wrong.');

report_if()

The report_if function will report an exception using your exception handler if the given condition is true:

report_if($shouldReport, $e);

report_if($shouldReport, 'Something went wrong.');

report_unless()

The report_unless function will report an exception using your exception handler if the given condition is false:

report_unless($reportingDisabled, $e);

report_unless($reportingDisabled, 'Something went wrong.');

request()

The request function returns the current request instance or obtains an input field's value from the current request:

$request = request();

$value = request('key', $default);

rescue()

The rescue function executes the given closure and catches any exceptions that occur during its execution. All exceptions that are caught will be sent to your exception handler; however, the request will continue processing:

return rescue(function () {
    return $this->method();
});

You may also pass a second argument to the rescue function. This argument will be the "default" value that should be returned if an exception occurs while executing the closure:

return rescue(function () {
    return $this->method();
}, false);

return rescue(function () {
    return $this->method();
}, function () {
    return $this->failure();
});

resolve()

The resolve function resolves a given class or interface name to an instance using the service container:

$api = resolve('HelpSpot\API');

response()

The response function creates a response instance or obtains an instance of the response factory:

return response('Hello World', 200, $headers);

return response()->json(['foo' => 'bar'], 200, $headers);

retry()

The retry function attempts to execute the given callback until the given maximum attempt threshold is met. If the callback does not throw an exception, its return value will be returned. If the callback throws an exception, it will automatically be retried. If the maximum attempt count is exceeded, the exception will be thrown:

return retry(5, function () {
    // Attempt 5 times while resting 100ms between attempts...
}, 100);

If you would like to manually calculate the number of milliseconds to sleep between attempts, you may pass a closure as the third argument to the retry function:

return retry(5, function () {
    // ...
}, function ($attempt, $exception) {
    return $attempt * 100;
});

For convenience, you may provide an array as the first argument to the retry function. This array will be used to determine how many milliseconds to sleep between subsequent attempts:

return retry([100, 200], function () {
    // Sleep for 100ms on first retry, 200ms on second retry...
});

To only retry under specific conditions, you may pass a closure as the fourth argument to the retry function:

return retry(5, function () {
    // ...
}, 100, function ($exception) {
    return $exception instanceof RetryException;
});

session()

The session function may be used to get or set session values:

$value = session('key');

You may set values by passing an array of key / value pairs to the function:

session(['chairs' => 7, 'instruments' => 3]);

The session store will be returned if no value is passed to the function:

$value = session()->get('key');

session()->put('key', $value);

tap()

The tap function accepts two arguments: an arbitrary $value and a closure. The $value will be passed to the closure and then be returned by the tap function. The return value of the closure is irrelevant:

$user = tap(User::first(), function ($user) {
    $user->name = 'taylor';

    $user->save();
});

If no closure is passed to the tap function, you may call any method on the given $value. The return value of the method you call will always be $value, regardless of what the method actually returns in its definition. For example, the Eloquent update method typically returns an integer. However, we can force the method to return the model itself by chaining the update method call through the tap function:

$user = tap($user)->update([
    'name' => $name,
    'email' => $email,
]);

To add a tap method to a class, you may add the Illuminate\Support\Traits\Tappable trait to the class. The tap method of this trait accepts a Closure as its only argument. The object instance itself will be passed to the Closure and then be returned by the tap method:

return $user->tap(function ($user) {
    //
});

throw_if()

The throw_if function throws the given exception if a given boolean expression evaluates to true:

throw_if(! Auth::user()->isAdmin(), AuthorizationException::class);

throw_if(
    ! Auth::user()->isAdmin(),
    AuthorizationException::class,
    'You are not allowed to access this page.'
);

throw_unless()

The throw_unless function throws the given exception if a given boolean expression evaluates to false:

throw_unless(Auth::user()->isAdmin(), AuthorizationException::class);

throw_unless(
    Auth::user()->isAdmin(),
    AuthorizationException::class,
    'You are not allowed to access this page.'
);

today()

The today function creates a new Illuminate\Support\Carbon instance for the current date:

$today = today();

trait_uses_recursive()

The trait_uses_recursive function returns all traits used by a trait:

$traits = trait_uses_recursive(\Illuminate\Notifications\Notifiable::class);

transform()

The transform function executes a closure on a given value if the value is not blank and then returns the return value of the closure:

$callback = function ($value) {
    return $value * 2;
};

$result = transform(5, $callback);

// 10

A default value or closure may be passed as the third argument to the function. This value will be returned if the given value is blank:

$result = transform(null, $callback, 'The value is blank');

// The value is blank

validator()

The validator function creates a new validator instance with the given arguments. You may use it as an alternative to the Validator facade:

$validator = validator($data, $rules, $messages);

value()

The value function returns the value it is given. However, if you pass a closure to the function, the closure will be executed and its returned value will be returned:

$result = value(true);

// true

$result = value(function () {
    return false;
});

// false

Additional arguments may be passed to the value function. If the first argument is a closure then the additional parameters will be passed to the closure as arguments, otherwise they will be ignored:

$result = value(function ($name) {
    return $parameter;
}, 'Taylor');

// 'Taylor'

view()

The view function retrieves a view instance:

return view('auth.login');

with()

The with function returns the value it is given. If a closure is passed as the second argument to the function, the closure will be executed and its returned value will be returned:

$callback = function ($value) {
    return is_numeric($value) ? $value * 2 : 0;
};

$result = with(5, $callback);

// 10

$result = with(null, $callback);

// 0

$result = with(5, null);

// 5

Other Utilities

Benchmarking

Sometimes you may wish to quickly test the performance of certain parts of your application. On those occasions, you may utilize the Benchmark support class to measure the number of milliseconds it takes for the given callbacks to complete:

<?php

use App\Models\User;
use Illuminate\Support\Benchmark;

Benchmark::dd(fn () => User::find(1)); // 0.1 ms

Benchmark::dd([
    'Scenario 1' => fn () => User::count(), // 0.5 ms
    'Scenario 2' => fn () => User::all()->count(), // 20.0 ms
]);

By default, the given callbacks will be executed once (one iteration), and their duration will be displayed in the browser / console.

To invoke a callback more than once, you may specify the number of iterations that the callback should be invoked as the second argument to the method. When executing a callback more than once, the Benchmark class will return the average amount of milliseconds it took to execute the callback across all iterations:

Benchmark::dd(fn () => User::count(), iterations: 10); // 0.5 ms

Lottery

Laravel's lottery class may be used to execute callbacks based on a set of given odds. This can be particularly useful when you only want to execute code for a percentage of your incoming requests:

use Illuminate\Support\Lottery;

Lottery::odds(1, 20)
    ->winner(fn () => $user->won())
    ->loser(fn () => $user->lost())
    ->choose();

You may combine Laravel's lottery class with other Laravel features. For example, you may wish to only report a small percentage of slow queries to your exception handler. And, since the lottery class is callable, we may pass an instance of the class into any method that accepts callables:

use Carbon\CarbonInterval;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;
use Illuminate\Support\Lottery;

DB::whenQueryingForLongerThan(
    CarbonInterval::seconds(2),
    Lottery::odds(1, 100)->winner(fn () => report('Querying > 2 seconds.')),
);

Testing Lotteries

Laravel provides some simple methods to allow you to easily test your application's lottery invocations:

// Lottery will always win...
Lottery::alwaysWin();

// Lottery will always lose...
Lottery::alwaysLose();

// Lottery will win then lose, and finally return to normal behavior...
Lottery::fix([true, false]);

// Lottery will return to normal behavior...
Lottery::determineResultsNormally();