Introduction
Laravel Scout provides a simple, driver based solution for adding full-text search to your Eloquent models. Using model observers, Scout will automatically keep your search indexes in sync with your Eloquent records.
Currently, Scout ships with an Algolia driver; however, writing custom drivers is simple and you are free to extend Scout with your own search implementations.
Installation
First, install Scout via the Composer package manager:
composer require laravel/scout
After installing Scout, you should publish the Scout configuration using the vendor:publish
Artisan command. This command will publish the scout.php
configuration file to your config
directory:
php artisan vendor:publish --provider="Laravel\Scout\ScoutServiceProvider"
Finally, add the Laravel\Scout\Searchable
trait to the model you would like to make searchable. This trait will register a model observer to keep the model in sync with your search driver:
<?php
namespace App;
use Laravel\Scout\Searchable;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
class Post extends Model
{
use Searchable;
}
Queueing
While not strictly required to use Scout, you should strongly consider configuring a queue driver before using the library. Running a queue worker will allow Scout to queue all operations that sync your model information to your search indexes, providing much better response times for your application's web interface.
Once you have configured a queue driver, set the value of the queue
option in your config/scout.php
configuration file to true
:
'queue' => true,
Driver Prerequisites
Algolia
When using the Algolia driver, you should configure your Algolia id
and secret
credentials in your config/scout.php
configuration file. Once your credentials have been configured, you will also need to install the Algolia PHP SDK via the Composer package manager:
composer require algolia/algoliasearch-client-php:^2.2
Configuration
Configuring Model Indexes
Each Eloquent model is synced with a given search "index", which contains all of the searchable records for that model. In other words, you can think of each index like a MySQL table. By default, each model will be persisted to an index matching the model's typical "table" name. Typically, this is the plural form of the model name; however, you are free to customize the model's index by overriding the searchableAs
method on the model:
<?php
namespace App;
use Laravel\Scout\Searchable;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
class Post extends Model
{
use Searchable;
/**
* Get the index name for the model.
*
* @return string
*/
public function searchableAs()
{
return 'posts_index';
}
}
Configuring Searchable Data
By default, the entire toArray
form of a given model will be persisted to its search index. If you would like to customize the data that is synchronized to the search index, you may override the toSearchableArray
method on the model:
<?php
namespace App;
use Laravel\Scout\Searchable;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
class Post extends Model
{
use Searchable;
/**
* Get the indexable data array for the model.
*
* @return array
*/
public function toSearchableArray()
{
$array = $this->toArray();
// Customize array...
return $array;
}
}
Configuring The Model ID
By default, Scout will use the primary key of the model as the unique ID stored in the search index. If you need to customize this behavior, you may override the getScoutKey
method on the model:
<?php
namespace App;
use Laravel\Scout\Searchable;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
class User extends Model
{
use Searchable;
/**
* Get the value used to index the model.
*
* @return mixed
*/
public function getScoutKey()
{
return $this->email;
}
}
Indexing
Batch Import
If you are installing Scout into an existing project, you may already have database records you need to import into your search driver. Scout provides an import
Artisan command that you may use to import all of your existing records into your search indexes:
php artisan scout:import "App\Post"
The flush
command may be used to remove all of a model's records from your search indexes:
php artisan scout:flush "App\Post"
Adding Records
Once you have added the Laravel\Scout\Searchable
trait to a model, all you need to do is save
a model instance and it will automatically be added to your search index. If you have configured Scout to use queues this operation will be performed in the background by your queue worker:
$order = new App\Order;
// ...
$order->save();
Adding Via Query
If you would like to add a collection of models to your search index via an Eloquent query, you may chain the searchable
method onto an Eloquent query. The searchable
method will chunk the results of the query and add the records to your search index. Again, if you have configured Scout to use queues, all of the chunks will be added in the background by your queue workers:
// Adding via Eloquent query...
App\Order::where('price', '>', 100)->searchable();
// You may also add records via relationships...
$user->orders()->searchable();
// You may also add records via collections...
$orders->searchable();
The searchable
method can be considered an "upsert" operation. In other words, if the model record is already in your index, it will be updated. If it does not exist in the search index, it will be added to the index.
Updating Records
To update a searchable model, you only need to update the model instance's properties and save
the model to your database. Scout will automatically persist the changes to your search index:
$order = App\Order::find(1);
// Update the order...
$order->save();
You may also use the searchable
method on an Eloquent query to update a collection of models. If the models do not exist in your search index, they will be created:
// Updating via Eloquent query...
App\Order::where('price', '>', 100)->searchable();
// You may also update via relationships...
$user->orders()->searchable();
// You may also update via collections...
$orders->searchable();
Removing Records
To remove a record from your index, delete
the model from the database. This form of removal is even compatible with soft deleted models:
$order = App\Order::find(1);
$order->delete();
If you do not want to retrieve the model before deleting the record, you may use the unsearchable
method on an Eloquent query instance or collection:
// Removing via Eloquent query...
App\Order::where('price', '>', 100)->unsearchable();
// You may also remove via relationships...
$user->orders()->unsearchable();
// You may also remove via collections...
$orders->unsearchable();
Pausing Indexing
Sometimes you may need to perform a batch of Eloquent operations on a model without syncing the model data to your search index. You may do this using the withoutSyncingToSearch
method. This method accepts a single callback which will be immediately executed. Any model operations that occur within the callback will not be synced to the model's index:
App\Order::withoutSyncingToSearch(function () {
// Perform model actions...
});
Conditionally Searchable Model Instances
Sometimes you may need to only make a model searchable under certain conditions. For example, imagine you have App\Post
model that may be in one of two states: "draft" and "published". You may only want to allow "published" posts to be searchable. To accomplish this, you may define a shouldBeSearchable
method on your model:
public function shouldBeSearchable()
{
return $this->isPublished();
}
The shouldBeSearchable
method is only applied when manipulating models through the save
method, queries, or relationships. Directly making models or collections searchable using the searchable
method will override the result of the shouldBeSearchable
method:
// Will respect "shouldBeSearchable"...
App\Order::where('price', '>', 100)->searchable();
$user->orders()->searchable();
$order->save();
// Will override "shouldBeSearchable"...
$orders->searchable();
$order->searchable();
Searching
You may begin searching a model using the search
method. The search method accepts a single string that will be used to search your models. You should then chain the get
method onto the search query to retrieve the Eloquent models that match the given search query:
$orders = App\Order::search('Star Trek')->get();
Since Scout searches return a collection of Eloquent models, you may even return the results directly from a route or controller and they will automatically be converted to JSON:
use Illuminate\Http\Request;
Route::get('/search', function (Request $request) {
return App\Order::search($request->search)->get();
});
If you would like to get the raw results before they are converted to Eloquent models, you should use the raw
method:
$orders = App\Order::search('Star Trek')->raw();
Search queries will typically be performed on the index specified by the model's searchableAs
method. However, you may use the within
method to specify a custom index that should be searched instead:
$orders = App\Order::search('Star Trek')
->within('tv_shows_popularity_desc')
->get();
Where Clauses
Scout allows you to add simple "where" clauses to your search queries. Currently, these clauses only support basic numeric equality checks, and are primarily useful for scoping search queries by a tenant ID. Since a search index is not a relational database, more advanced "where" clauses are not currently supported:
$orders = App\Order::search('Star Trek')->where('user_id', 1)->get();
Pagination
In addition to retrieving a collection of models, you may paginate your search results using the paginate
method. This method will return a Paginator
instance just as if you had paginated a traditional Eloquent query:
$orders = App\Order::search('Star Trek')->paginate();
You may specify how many models to retrieve per page by passing the amount as the first argument to the paginate
method:
$orders = App\Order::search('Star Trek')->paginate(15);
Once you have retrieved the results, you may display the results and render the page links using Blade just as if you had paginated a traditional Eloquent query:
<div class="container">
@foreach ($orders as $order)
{{ $order->price }}
@endforeach
</div>
{{ $orders->links() }}
Soft Deleting
If your indexed models are soft deleting and you need to search your soft deleted models, set the soft_delete
option of the config/scout.php
configuration file to true
:
'soft_delete' => true,
When this configuration option is true
, Scout will not remove soft deleted models from the search index. Instead, it will set a hidden __soft_deleted
attribute on the indexed record. Then, you may use the withTrashed
or onlyTrashed
methods to retrieve the soft deleted records when searching:
// Include trashed records when retrieving results...
$orders = App\Order::search('Star Trek')->withTrashed()->get();
// Only include trashed records when retrieving results...
$orders = App\Order::search('Star Trek')->onlyTrashed()->get();
">Tip!! When a soft deleted model is permanently deleted using
forceDelete
, Scout will remove it from the search index automatically.
Customizing Engine Searches
If you need to customize the search behavior of an engine you may pass a callback as the second argument to the search
method. For example, you could use this callback to add geo-location data to your search options before the search query is passed to Algolia:
use Algolia\AlgoliaSearch\SearchIndex;
App\Order::search('Star Trek', function (SearchIndex $algolia, string $query, array $options) {
$options['body']['query']['bool']['filter']['geo_distance'] = [
'distance' => '1000km',
'location' => ['lat' => 36, 'lon' => 111],
];
return $algolia->search($query, $options);
})->get();
Custom Engines
Writing The Engine
If one of the built-in Scout search engines doesn't fit your needs, you may write your own custom engine and register it with Scout. Your engine should extend the Laravel\Scout\Engines\Engine
abstract class. This abstract class contains eight methods your custom engine must implement:
use Laravel\Scout\Builder;
abstract public function update($models);
abstract public function delete($models);
abstract public function search(Builder $builder);
abstract public function paginate(Builder $builder, $perPage, $page);
abstract public function mapIds($results);
abstract public function map($results, $model);
abstract public function getTotalCount($results);
abstract public function flush($model);
You may find it helpful to review the implementations of these methods on the Laravel\Scout\Engines\AlgoliaEngine
class. This class will provide you with a good starting point for learning how to implement each of these methods in your own engine.
Registering The Engine
Once you have written your custom engine, you may register it with Scout using the extend
method of the Scout engine manager. You should call the extend
method from the boot
method of your AppServiceProvider
or any other service provider used by your application. For example, if you have written a MySqlSearchEngine
, you may register it like so:
use Laravel\Scout\EngineManager;
/**
* Bootstrap any application services.
*
* @return void
*/
public function boot()
{
resolve(EngineManager::class)->extend('mysql', function () {
return new MySqlSearchEngine;
});
}
Once your engine has been registered, you may specify it as your default Scout driver
in your config/scout.php
configuration file:
'driver' => 'mysql',
Builder Macros
If you would like to define a custom builder method, you may use the macro
method on the Laravel\Scout\Builder
class. Typically, "macros" should be defined within a service provider's boot
method:
<?php
namespace App\Providers;
use Laravel\Scout\Builder;
use Illuminate\Support\ServiceProvider;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Response;
class ScoutMacroServiceProvider extends ServiceProvider
{
/**
* Register the application's scout macros.
*
* @return void
*/
public function boot()
{
Builder::macro('count', function () {
return $this->engine->getTotalCount(
$this->engine()->search($this)
);
});
}
}
The macro
function accepts a name as its first argument, and a Closure as its second. The macro's Closure will be executed when calling the macro name from a Laravel\Scout\Builder
implementation:
App\Order::search('Star Trek')->count();